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. 2020 Jul 1:2020:1798147.
doi: 10.1155/2020/1798147. eCollection 2020.

TREM-1 and TREM-2 Expression on Blood Monocytes Could Help Predict Survival in High-Grade Glioma Patients

K Kluckova  1 , J Kozak  2 , K Szaboova  3 , B Rychly  4 , M Svajdler  5   6 , M Suchankova  1 , E Tibenska  3 , B Filova  7 , J Steno  2 , V Matejcik  2 , M Homolova  1 , M Bucova  1
Affiliations

TREM-1 and TREM-2 Expression on Blood Monocytes Could Help Predict Survival in High-Grade Glioma Patients

K Kluckova et al. Mediators Inflamm. .

Abstract

Objective: In recent years, the role of the modern inflammatory markers TREM-1 (triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells) and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1 protein) in tumorigenesis has begun to be studied. Their role in gliomas is not clear. The aim of our study was to find the role of inflammation in gliomas. Patients and Methods. In 63 adult patients with gliomas and 31 healthy controls, the expressions of TREM-1 and TREM-2 on CD14+ blood cells (method: flow cytometry) and the levels of soluble sTREM-1, HMGB1, IL-6, and IL-10 (Elisa tests) were analyzed.

Results: Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that a TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio was associated with reduced overall survival (HR = 1.001, P = 0.023). Patients with a TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio above 125 survived significantly shorter than patients with a TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio below 125. The percentage of CD14+ TREM-1+ cells was strongly associated with a plasma IL-6/IL-10 ratio (positively) and with IL-10 (negatively). Conversely, we found a higher percentage of CD14+ TREM-2+ monocytes in better surviving patients; these cells could downregulate the exaggerated inflammation and potentiate the phagocytosis in the tumor. The serum levels of HMGB1 negatively correlated with the percentage of CD14+ TREM-1+ cells and with the TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio. The positive correlation between the serum levels of a late proinflammatory cytokine HMGB1 with the percentage of TREM2+ CD14+ monocytes can be explained as an effort for suppression of systemic inflammation by anti-inflammatory acting CD14+ TREM-2+ cells.

Conclusion: We showed that the TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio (expression on the surface of blood monocytes) could help predict prognosis in patients with gliomas, especially in high-grade gliomas, and that systemic inflammation has an impact on the patient's overall survival. This is the first study that showed that TREM expression on monocytes in peripheral blood could help predict prognosis in patients with gliomas.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scatter plot of correlation between survival time and TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio in grades III and IV (N = 37). F1: survival time in months; F2: TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan-Meier survival curves for grade III gliomas. The graph shows a shorter survival in patients with the TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio > 125 (P = 0.012) (test used: Log Rank; x-axis: survival time in months; y-axis: survival probability; 0: patients with TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio < 125 (n = 4); 1: patients with TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio > 125 (n = 6)).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Kaplan-Meier survival curves of grade IV gliomas—GBM. The graphs shows a shorter survival in patients with TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio > 125 (P = 0.007). Test used: Log Rank; x-axis: survival time in months; y-axis: survival probability; 0: patients with TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio < 125 (n = 12); 1: patients with TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio > 125 (n = 15); GBM: glioblastoma multiforme—grade IV.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Percentage of CD14+ TREM-2+ monocytes in good and bad surviving patients in GBM – G. IV patients. Pts: patients.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The serum levels of sTREM-1 in glioma patients and healthy controls. G: grade; ctrls: controls.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The serum levels of HMGB1 in glioma patients and healthy controls. G: grade; ctrls: controls.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Scatter plots showing correlations of HMGB1 with percentage of CD14+ TREM-1+ cells, CD14+ TREM-2+ cells, and TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio in all gliomas (HMGB1 values corrected by a Z-score).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Scatter plots showing correlations of HMGB1 with percentage of CD14+ TREM-1+ cells, CD14+ TREM-2+ cells, and TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio in grade IV gliomas (HMGB1 values corrected by a Z-score).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Scatter plots showing correlations of CD14+ TREM-1+ cell percentage with IL-6/IL-10 ratio and with IL-10 in all gliomas (data log transformed).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Scatter plots showing correlations of CD14+ TREM-1+ cell percentage with IL-6/IL-10 ratio and with IL-10 in grade II (on the left side) and in grade IV (on the right side) (data log transformed).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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