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. 2020 Jul 22;24(1):452.
doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03141-9.

Plasma levels of soluble ACE2are associated with sex, Metabolic Syndrome, and its biomarkers in a large cohort, pointing to a possible mechanism for increased severity in COVID-19

Sergey A Kornilov  1 , Isabelle Lucas  2 , Kathleen Jade  2 , Chengzhen L Dai  2 , Jennifer C Lovejoy  2 , Andrew T Magis  2
Affiliations

Plasma levels of soluble ACE2are associated with sex, Metabolic Syndrome, and its biomarkers in a large cohort, pointing to a possible mechanism for increased severity in COVID-19

Sergey A Kornilov et al. Crit Care. .
No abstract available

Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; GGT; Liver function; Metabolic syndrome; SARS-CoV-2.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors were previously employed by Arivale, Inc. and held stock options in the company. Arivale is now closed.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The associations of plasma sACE2 levels with sex, age, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). a Sex differences in plasma sACE2 levels. b Differences in sACE2 levels between pre- (N = 272) and post-menopausal (N = 251) women over 35 years of age. c Associations between sACE2 and age. d Differences in sACE2 levels in individuals who do vs. who do not meet diagnostic criteria for MetS and its subcomponents. The following diagnostic criteria, based on WHO guidelines, were used: obesity, BMI > 30 kg/m2; hyperglycemia, fasting glucose > 100 mg/dl or other evidence of insulin resistance (e.g., prescription); hypertension, systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm/hg; dyslipidemia, triglycerides > 150 or HDL-C < 35 for men and < 39 for women. Overall status was determined as MetS if the individual met criteria for insulin resistance and satisfied at least one other domain criterion for the syndrome. sACE2, soluble ACE2 (normalized protein expression, NPX, values adjusted for covariates and scaled)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Associations between sACE2 and biomarkers of metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and liver damage. a Marginal Effect size (B) estimates from robust linear regressions predicting sACE2 from biomarkers estimated for men and women separately. Biomarkers for which a significant interaction with sex was established are marked with an asterisk. b Partial Spearman correlations between study biomarkers and sACE2 levels. c Scatterplot of associations between GGT and sACE2. BMI, body mass index; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; HbA1c, glycohemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IL-8, interleukin 8; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ALAT, alanine aminotransferase; ASAT, aspartate transaminase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl-transferase
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