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Review
. 2020 Oct 15;28(20):e888-e899.
doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00142.

Bone Marrow Edema, Clinical Significance, and Treatment Options: A Review

Sam Akhavan  1 , Stephen C Martinkovich, Connor Kasik, Patrick J DeMeo
Affiliations
Review

Bone Marrow Edema, Clinical Significance, and Treatment Options: A Review

Sam Akhavan et al. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. .

Abstract

Bone marrow edema (BME) is a descriptive term used to describe high-signal intensity changes detected on magnetic resonance fluid-sensitive sequences that could be attributed to a number of underlying pathologies. Regardless of the cause, physiologic remodeling of the subchondral bone can be limited because of ongoing joint forces, increased focalization of stress, and reduced healing capacity of the subchondral bone. BME is a known prognostic factor associated with pain, dysfunction, and progressive cartilage damage. This review summarizes the current known causes of BMEs, theories related to histopathological changes, and current treatment options including novel biologic surgical options.

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