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. 2020 Jul 18;12(7):1597.
doi: 10.3390/polym12071597.

A Green Approach towards Native Collagen Scaffolds: Environmental and Physicochemical Assessment

Mireia Andonegi  1 , Ainhoa Irastorza  2 , Ander Izeta  2 , Sara Cabezudo  1 , Koro de la Caba  1 , Pedro Guerrero  1
Affiliations

A Green Approach towards Native Collagen Scaffolds: Environmental and Physicochemical Assessment

Mireia Andonegi et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Native collagen scaffolds were prepared in this work, in which both materials and environmental approaches were considered with the aim of providing a global strategy towards more sustainable biomaterials. From the environmental perspective, it is worth mentioning that acid and enzymatic treatments have been avoided to extract collagen, allowing the reduction in the use of resources, in terms of chemicals, energy, and time, and leading to a low environmental load of this step in all the impact categories under analysis. With the incorporation of chitosan into the scaffold-forming formulations, physical interactions occurred between collagen and chitosan, but the native collagen structure was preserved, as observed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The incorporation of chitosan also led to more homogenous porous microstructures, with higher elastic moduli and compression resistance for both dry and hydrated scaffolds. Furthermore, hydrated scaffolds preserved their size and shape after some compression cycles.

Keywords: chitosan; degradation; environmental assessment; native collagen; scaffolds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relative contributions in each impact category for the most relevant processes involved in the entire life cycle of collagen scaffolds. Disaggregating environmental results are displayed in percentage ratios for the most relevant contributing factors: pretreatments, mechanical stirring, acetic acid solution (0.5 M), glycerol, and freeze-drying.
Figure 2
Figure 2
FTIR spectra of control scaffolds and collagen scaffolds with high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) chitosan (A) from 4000 to 800 cm−1 and (B) from 1800 to 800 cm−1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
XRD patterns of control scaffolds and collagen scaffolds with HMW and LMW chitosan.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XPS survey spectra of (A) all samples and XPS of C 1s features for (B) control scaffolds and collagen scaffolds with (C) HMW chitosan and (D) LMW chitosan.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM images of control scaffolds and collagen scaffolds with HMW chitosan and LMW chitosan at a magnification of ×50 (top) and ×150 (bottom).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Compression stress–strain curves for (A) dry scaffolds, (B) hydrated control scaffolds, (C) hydrated collagen scaffolds with HMW chitosan, and (D) hydrated collagen scaffolds with LMW chitosan.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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