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. 2020 Jul 16;9(7):900.
doi: 10.3390/plants9070900.

Coupling Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Phosphorus Supplements Improve Maize Phosphorus Acquisition and Growth under Lime Induced Salinity Stress

Muhammad Adnan  1 , Shah Fahad  1   2 , Muhammad Zamin  1 , Shahen Shah  3 , Ishaq Ahmad Mian  4 , Subhan Danish  5 , Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye  5 , Martin Leonardo Battaglia  6 , Raja Mohib Muazzam Naz  7 , Beena Saeed  1 , Shah Saud  8 , Imran Ahmad  9 , Zhen Yue  10 , Martin Brtnicky  11   12   13 , Jiri Holatko  13 , Rahul Datta  11
Affiliations

Coupling Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Phosphorus Supplements Improve Maize Phosphorus Acquisition and Growth under Lime Induced Salinity Stress

Muhammad Adnan et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Global warming promotes soil calcification and salinization processes. As a result, soil phosphorus (P) is becoming deficient in arid and semiarid areas throughout the world. In this pot study, we evaluated the potential of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) for enhancing the growth and P uptake in maize under varying levels of lime (4.8%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and additional P supplements (farmyard manure, poultry manure, single super phosphate and rock phosphate) added at the rate of 45 mg P2O5 kg-1. Inoculation and application of P as organic manures (Poultry and farm yard manures) improved maize growth and P uptake compared to the control and soils with P applied from mineral sources. Liming adversely affected crop growth, but the use of PSB and organic manure significantly neutralized this harmful effect. Mineral P sources combined with PSB were as effective as the organic sources alone. Furthermore, while single supper phosphate showed better results than Rock phosphate, the latter performed comparably upon PSB inoculation. Thus, PSB plus P application as organic manures is an eco-friendly option to improve crop growth and P nutrition in a calcareous soil under changing climate.

Keywords: global warming; maize; organic manures; phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; salt stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of PSB on shoot biomass (g pot−1) of maize under varying levels of lime. Bars sharing letters are statistically comparable at p < 0.05 according to least significance difference (LSD) test. Error bars show standard error (n = 3).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Associative effect of PSB and lime stress on root biomass (g pot−1) of maize. Bars sharing letters are statistically comparable at p < 0.05 according to least significance difference (LSD) test. Error bars show standard error (n = 3).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of PSB on shoot root ratio of maize under varying levels of lime. Bars sharing letters are statistically comparable at p < 0.05 according to least significance difference (LSD) test. Error bars show standard error (n = 3).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Interactive effect of PSB and P supplements on shoot biomass (g pot−1) of maize. Bars sharing letters are statistically comparable at p < 0.05 according to least significance difference (LSD) test. Error bars show standard error (n = 3).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Associative effect of PSB and lime on maize P concentration (%).Bars sharing letters are statistically comparable at p < 0.05 according to least significance difference (LSD) test. Error bars show standard error (n = 3).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Maize P uptake (mg kg−1) in response to the integration of lime and PSB on of maize. Bars sharing letters are statistically comparable at p < 0.05 according to least significance difference (LSD) test. Error bars show standard error (n = 3).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Response of maize P uptake (mg kg−1) to combine application of P sources and PSB. Bars sharing letters are statistically comparable at p < 0.05 according to least significance difference (LSD) test. Error bars represent standard error of mean for 3 values.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Postharvest soil Olsen P (mg kg−1) as affected by P sources and lime. Bars sharing letters are statistically comparable at p < 0.05 according to least significance difference (LSD) test. Error bars show standard error (n = 3).
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