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Editorial
. 2020 Aug;68(8):1515-1518.
doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2386_20.

Medical management of thyroid eye disease - A paradigm shift

Santosh G Honavar  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Medical management of thyroid eye disease - A paradigm shift

Santosh G Honavar. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 Aug.
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

None

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Standard sequential management in active TED
Figure 2
Figure 2
A 45-year-old male with active TED with CAS 7, exophthalmos, ocular motility restriction, and optic disc edema (a), with resolution in activity (CAS 1), exophthalmos, ocular motility restriction, and optic disc edema 6 months later following IVMP and oral Azathioprine (b)
Figure 3
Figure 3
A 50-year-old male with inactive TED with bilateral eyelid retraction (a), following two injections of Triamcinolone 10 mg to the levator, showing resolution of eyelid retraction (b) 3 months later
Figure 4
Figure 4
A complex interaction of the immune system, proinflammatory cytokines, and autoantibodies on orbital fibroblasts leading to the clinical characteristics of TED and sites of action of target therapy
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Hodgson NM, Rajaii F. Current understanding of the progression and management of thyroid associated orbitopathy: A systematic review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020;9:21–33. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Shan SJ, Douglas RS. The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease. J Neuroophthalmol. 2014;34:177–85. - PubMed
    1. Dik WA, Virakul S, van Steensel L. Current perspectives on the role of orbital fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Exp Eye Res. 2016;142:83–91. - PubMed
    1. Krieger CC, Neumann S, Place RF, Marcus-Samuels B, Gershengorn MC. Bidirectional TSH and IGF-1 receptor cross talk mediates stimulation of hyaluronan secretion by Graves' disease immunoglobins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:1071–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Smith TJ, Koumas L, Gagnon A, Bell A, Sempowski GD, Phipps RP, et al. Orbital fibroblast heterogeneity may determine the clinical presentation of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:385–92. - PubMed

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