Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Jul 1;21(7):1883-1889.
doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.7.1883.

Influence of Demographic and Reproductive Factors on Cervical Pre-Cancer and Cancer in Bangladesh

Ashrafun Nessa  1 , Rowson Ara  2 , Parveen Fatema  2 , Begum Nasrin  2 , Afroza Chowdhury  2 , Kamrul Hasan Khan  3 , Ashim Ranjan Barua  3 , Mohammad Harun Ur Rashid  4
Affiliations

Influence of Demographic and Reproductive Factors on Cervical Pre-Cancer and Cancer in Bangladesh

Ashrafun Nessa et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. .

Abstract

Background: In Bangladesh, cervical cancer (CC) is the 2nd most common cancer with estimated 8068 new cases and 5,214 deaths every year. It is also revealed that different socio-demographic factors have association with CC. This study was performed to evaluate the colposcopy outcomes and the association of different demographic and reproductive risk factors with cervical pre-cancer and cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between January 2010 and December 2016.

Results: A total 16147 women attended the colposcopy clinic of BSMMU with VIA positive reports. Among them, 65.73% women were referred from different VIA centers of Dhaka district. Mean age of marriage of the subjects was 16. 93 (± 1) and mean age of 1st delivery was 18.45 years (± 4.10). Almost three-fourth of them were married before 18 years and had their 1st delivery by 20 years. Colposcopy examination of the VIA positive women revealed that 36.7% had CINI, 10.6% had CINII/ III and 7.1% had carcinoma of cervix. Considering CIN as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 99.7%, 75.3%, 70.3% and 99.8% respectively. On other hand considering CIN2+ as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 73.8%, 92.7%, 64.4% and 95.2% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that higher age (p=0.000), lower level of education (p=0.007), lower socioeconomic status (p=0.014), higher parity (p=0.001) had individual influence on cervical pre-cancer and cancer.

Conclusions: This study indicated higher age, low level of education, lower socio-economic condition and higher parity as most important socio-demographic factors for developing cervical pre-cancer and cancer in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Cervical Pre-Cancer; Demographic; cancer; reproductive factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cervical Pre-Cancer and Cancer among Different Age Groups. The occurrence of cervical pre-cancer and cancer among the women of different age group were shown in Figure 1. We found that the highest 45.4% pre-cancer among the women of 30 -39 years. On the other hand, there were highest 43.4% occurrence of cancer after 50 years.At or after 30 years, the rates of cervical pre-cancer declined whereas cervical cancer incidence became high among the women of 50 years and above
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Akshatha C, Arul P, Shetty S. Prevalence and comparison of cervical cytology abnormalities in postmenopausal and elderly women: An experience from tertiary care hospital. J Med Soc. 2017;31:23–7.
    1. Autier P, Coibion M, Huet F, Grivegnee AR. Transformation zone location and intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix uteri. Br J Cancer. 1996;74:488–90. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bray F, Ren JS, Masuyer E, Ferlay J. Estimates of global cancer prevalence for 27 sites in the adult population in 2008. Int J Cancer. 2013;132:1133–45. - PubMed
    1. d’Ottaviano-Morelli MG, Zeferino L, Cecatti JG, Terrabuio DR, Martinez EZ. Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma based on cytological screening in the region of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2012;20:153–9. - PubMed
    1. El-Moselhy EA, Borg HM, Atlam SA. Cervical Cancer: Sociodemographic and clinical Risk Factors among Adult Egyptian Females. Adv Oncol Res Treat. 2016;1:1–7.

MeSH terms