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Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Sep:38:1-24.
doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.07.004. Epub 2020 Jul 22.

Sleep in adults with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jorge Lugo  1 , Christian Fadeuilhe  2 , Laura Gisbert  3 , Imanol Setien  4 , Mercedes Delgado  5 , Montserrat Corrales  6 , Vanesa Richarte  6 , Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga  7
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Free article
Meta-Analysis

Sleep in adults with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jorge Lugo et al. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020 Sep.
Free article

Abstract

Sleep-related problems have been frequently reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, with special emphasis in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The aim of the present study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on sleep disturbances in adults with ASD and/or ADHD (PROSPERO's CRD42019132916). PubMed and PsycINFO were searched for studies reporting data on sleep objective/subjective measures, as well as prevalence data of sleep disorders, in adults with ASD and/or ADHD. A manual search was conducted throughout reference lists of eligible studies. A total of 1126 studies and 66 references were identified by electronic and manual searches, respectively. Of these, 42 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that both disorders share a similar sleep-impaired profile with higher sleep onset latency, poorer sleep efficiency, greater number of awakenings during sleep, and a general lower self-perceived sleep quality compared with healthy controls. A higher proportion of N1 sleep was found in ASD participants, while a greater Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep is specific in ADHD adults. More studies are needed, especially those directly comparing ASD and ADHD participants. Controlling for medication, intellectual disability, and concurrent psychiatric disorders is mandatory.

Keywords: Adults; Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder; Autism spectrum disorder; Meta-analysis; Sleep; Systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest The author C.F. was on the speakers’ bureau for Shire, Ferrer, Italfarmaco and Otsuka in the last 5 years. He also received travel awards (air tickets + hotel) for taking part in psychiatric meetings from Janssen-Cilag, Rubió, Shire, Lundbeck, Otsuka and Ferrer. The author L.G. received travel awards for taking part in psychiatric meetings from Shire in the last 3 years. The author M.C. was on the speakers’ bureau for Takeda in the last 5 years. The author V.R. was on the speakers’ bureau and/or acted as consultant for Takeda, Eli-Lilly in the last 5 years. She also received travel awards (air tickets + hotel) for taking part in psychiatric meetings from Janssen-Cilag, Rubió, Shire, and Eli- Lilly. The author J.A.R.Q was on the speakers’ bureau and/or acted as consultant for Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Shire, Takeda, Lundbeck, Almirall, Braingaze, Sincrolab, Medice and Rubió in the last 5 years. He also received travel awards (air tickets + hotel) for taking part in psychiatric meetings from Janssen-Cilag, Rubió, Shire, Takeda, Medice and Eli- Lilly. The Department of Psychiatry chaired by him received unrestricted educational and research support from the following companies in the last 5 years: Eli-Lilly, Lundbeck, Janssen- Cilag, Actelion, Shire, Ferrer, Oryzon, Roche, Psious, and Rubió.

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