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Review
. 2020 Nov-Dec;32(6):278-281.
doi: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.06.003. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Statins in COVID-19: is there any foundation?

[Article in English, Spanish]
Affiliations
Review

Statins in COVID-19: is there any foundation?

[Article in English, Spanish]
Marcos M Lima Martínez et al. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2020 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the main cause of death from COVID-19 and occurs due to an exaggerated inflammatory response that causes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Statins are lipid lowering drugs with pleiotropic effects. They have shown benefit in the management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, due to their immunomodulatory properties, they have been used in the treatment of various infectious diseases such as community-acquired pneumonia and influenza. In this review we analyze the pathophysiological foundations that support the use of statins as an adjunctive treatment in patients with COVID-19.

Keywords: Angiotensin; Angiotensina; COVID-19; Estatinas; Inflamación; Inflammation; Renin; Renina; Statins.

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Figures

Figura 1
Figura 1
El sistema renina angiotensina presenta dos vías biológicas opuestas: la vía proinflamatoria regulada por la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ACE) que modula el péptido angiotensina II (Ang II) y el receptor AT1 (AT1-R). La vía antiinflamatoria regulada por la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ACE2) y que modula el péptido angiotensina (1-7) y el receptor Mas (MAS-R).
Figura 2
Figura 2
El SARS-CoV-2 interactúa con receptores tipo Toll (TLR) en la membrana de la célula huésped y aumentan la expresión del gen de respuesta primaria de diferenciación mieloide 88 (MyD88), que a su vez activa al factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB), promoviendo inflamación. Las estatinas reprimen la expresión de MyD88, con lo que suprimen la activación de NF-κB, ejerciendo un efecto antiinflamatorio.
Figura 3
Figura 3
Las estatinas, al aumentar por vías epigenéticas la producción de ACE2 soluble, van a estimular, por un lado, el sistema protector de la Ang (1-7) y el MAS-R y, por otro lado, la ACE2 soluble se une al SARS-CoV-2, evitando su fusión con la membrana y, por tanto, inhibiendo la replicación viral.

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