Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Jul 27;9(8):450.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9080450.

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Suresh Mickymaray  1 , Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz  1 , Anand Paramasivam  2
Affiliations
Review

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Suresh Mickymaray et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are the causative agent of severe chronic pulmonary diseases and is accountable for post-traumatic wound infections, lymphadenitis, endometritis, cutaneous, eye infections and disseminated diseases. These infections are extremely challenging to treat due to multidrug resistance, which encompasses the classical and existing antituberculosis agents. Hence, current studies are aimed to appraise the antimycobacterial activity of flavonoids against NTM, their capacity to synergize with pharmacological agents and their ability to block virulence. Flavonoids have potential antimycobacterial effects at minor quantities by themselves or in synergistic combinations. A cocktail of flavonoids used with existing antimycobacterial agents is a strategy to lessen side effects. The present review focuses on recent studies on naturally occurring flavonoids and their antimycobacterial effects, underlying mechanisms and synergistic effects in a cocktail with traditional agents.

Keywords: flavonoids; nontuberculous mycobacteria; synergistic action; underlying mechanisms.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Figure 2
Figure 2
NTM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture and microscopy. (a) NTM grown at 48 h of incubation in LJmedia with typical characteristics of moist, smooth glistening yellow colonies; (b) MTB grown at six weeks of incubation in LJ media with typical characteristics of rough, buff yellow-colored cauliflower-like colonies; (c) Long and slender pink-colored acid-fast tuberculous mycobacteria by Ziehl–Neelsen stain (100×). The above culture images differentiate the NTM and MTB with almost similar microscopical image.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanism of antimycobacterial activity of flavonoids.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Peyrani P., Ramirez J.A. Pulmonary Complications of HIV. European Respiratory Society; Sheffield, UK: 2014. Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections; pp. 128–137. - DOI
    1. Suresh M., Rath P.K., Panneerselvam A., Dhanasekaran D., Thajuddin N. Anti-mycobacterial effect of leaf extract of Centella asiatica. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. 2010;3:872–876.
    1. Lim S.S., Selvaraj A., Ng Z.Y., Palanisamy M., Mickmaray S., Cheong P.C.H., Lim R.L.H. Isolation of actinomycetes with antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Malays. J. Microbiol. 2018;14:293–305. doi: 10.21161/mjm.110617. - DOI
    1. Devi C.A., Dhanasekaran D., Suresh M., Thajuddin N. Diagnostic value of real time PCR and associated bacterial and fungal infections in female genital tuberculosis. Biomed. Pharm. J. 2015;3:73–79.
    1. Tortoli E., Fedrizzi T., Meehan C.J., Trovato A., Grottola A., Giacobazzi E., Serpini G.F., Tagliazucchi S., Fabio A., Bettua C., et al. The new phylogeny of the genus mycobacterium: The old and the news. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2017;56:19–25. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.013. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources