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Review
. 2020 Jul 27;9(8):450.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9080450.

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Suresh Mickymaray  1 , Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz  1 , Anand Paramasivam  2
Affiliations
Review

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Suresh Mickymaray et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are the causative agent of severe chronic pulmonary diseases and is accountable for post-traumatic wound infections, lymphadenitis, endometritis, cutaneous, eye infections and disseminated diseases. These infections are extremely challenging to treat due to multidrug resistance, which encompasses the classical and existing antituberculosis agents. Hence, current studies are aimed to appraise the antimycobacterial activity of flavonoids against NTM, their capacity to synergize with pharmacological agents and their ability to block virulence. Flavonoids have potential antimycobacterial effects at minor quantities by themselves or in synergistic combinations. A cocktail of flavonoids used with existing antimycobacterial agents is a strategy to lessen side effects. The present review focuses on recent studies on naturally occurring flavonoids and their antimycobacterial effects, underlying mechanisms and synergistic effects in a cocktail with traditional agents.

Keywords: flavonoids; nontuberculous mycobacteria; synergistic action; underlying mechanisms.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Figure 2
Figure 2
NTM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture and microscopy. (a) NTM grown at 48 h of incubation in LJmedia with typical characteristics of moist, smooth glistening yellow colonies; (b) MTB grown at six weeks of incubation in LJ media with typical characteristics of rough, buff yellow-colored cauliflower-like colonies; (c) Long and slender pink-colored acid-fast tuberculous mycobacteria by Ziehl–Neelsen stain (100×). The above culture images differentiate the NTM and MTB with almost similar microscopical image.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanism of antimycobacterial activity of flavonoids.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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