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. 2020 Jul 27;10(8):484.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci10080484.

Hemodynamic Activity and Connectivity of the Prefrontal Cortex by Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during Color-Word Interference Test in Korean and English Language

Gihyoun Lee  1 , Ji-Su Park  2 , Mezie Laurence B Ortiz  3   4 , Jun-Yong Hong  4 , Seung-Ho Paik  5 , Seung Hyun Lee  5 , Beop Min Kim  5 , Young-Jin Jung  4
Affiliations

Hemodynamic Activity and Connectivity of the Prefrontal Cortex by Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during Color-Word Interference Test in Korean and English Language

Gihyoun Lee et al. Brain Sci. .

Abstract

In daily living, people are challenged to focus on their goal while eliminating interferences. Specifically, this study investigated the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) activity while attention control was tested using the self-made color-word interference test (CWIT) with a functional near-infrared spectroscopy device (fNIRS). Among 11 healthy Korean university students, overall the highest scores were obtained in the congruent Korean condition 1 (CKC-1) and had the least vascular response (VR) as opposed to the incongruent Korean condition 2 (IKC-2). The individual's automatic reading response caused less brain activation while IKC-2 involves color suppression. Across the three trials per each condition, no significant differences (SD) in scores and in VR since there was no intervention did. Meanwhile, SD was observed between CKC-1 and English Congruent Condition 3 (ECC-3) across trials. However, SD was only observed on the third trial of VR. In the connectivity analysis, right and left PFC are activated on ECC-3. In CKC-1 and IKC-2, encompassing dorsomedial and dorsolateral although CKC-1 has less connection and connectivity due to less brain activation as compared. Therefore, aside from VR, brain connectivity could be identified non-invasively using fNIRS without ionizing radiation and at low-cost.

Keywords: brain network; color-word interference; functional near-infrared spectroscopy; hemodynamic connectivity; hemodynamic response.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors of the study declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The self-made CWIT. (1.1) CKC-1: In the Korean language; the color word is the same as the ink color (빨강색 = red), (1.2) IKC-2: In the Korean language; the color word is different with the ink color, and (1.3) CEC-3: In English language; the color word is the same with the ink color.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The procedure outline for each task.
Figure 3
Figure 3
fNIRS system: (a) optodes structure, (b) channel locations, and (c) cap, and optodes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The brain mapping results: (a) the activation map, and (b) the connectivity map of the prefrontal cortex in each task.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The brain mapping results: (a) the activation map, and (b) the connectivity map of the prefrontal cortex in each task.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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