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. 2020 Jul 27;12(8):1669.
doi: 10.3390/polym12081669.

Development of Biodegradable Cosmetic Patch Using a Polylactic Acid/Phycocyanin-Alginate Composite

Sarah Amalina Adli  1 , Fathilah Ali  1 , Azlin Suhaida Azmi  1 , Hazleen Anuar  2 , Nur Aimi Mohd Nasir  2 , Rosnani Hasham  3 , Mohamad Khairul Hafiz Idris  3
Affiliations

Development of Biodegradable Cosmetic Patch Using a Polylactic Acid/Phycocyanin-Alginate Composite

Sarah Amalina Adli et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The usage of non-degradable polymer as the main matrix for a cosmetic patch raises concern, as it can cause environmental pollution when discarded in landfill. Thus, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) was chosen in this study, as PLA has non-toxic properties and similar mechanical properties to conventional plastic materials. An active ingredient in a cosmetic patch serves the purpose of providing beneficial ingredients to the skin; therefore, phycocyanin, an extract from spirulina, was chosen, as it possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Alginate was also incorporated with the phycocyanin for fabrication onto the PLA matrix. A preliminary study was first carried out to identify the antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effect of the phycocyanin on skin cells. It was observed that phycocyanin had no cytotoxic effect on the skin and showed good antioxidant activity. PLA/phycocyanin-alginate composite was fabricated using a solvent casting method, and optimization of preparation conditions (phycocyanin/alginate ratio, stirring time, and temperature) were carried out using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method with responses of elongation at break and releasing properties. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR analysis was also conducted to further analyze the functional group of the composites. Surface morphologies were observed for samples before and after the releasing test. From the analyses conducted, PLA/phycocyanin-alginate composite prepared at a phycocyanin/alginate ratio of 40/60 for 20 h at 20 °C gave the best properties in terms of flexibility of film and releasing properties of phycocyanin.

Keywords: PLA; alginate; cosmetic; patches; phycocyanin; spirulina extract.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of two layers of the composite.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cytotoxicity effects of phycocyanin on the HSF1184 cell.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Elongation at break of patches with various phycocyanin/alginate ratios.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Releasing test of patches with various phycocyanin/alginate ratios.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Elongation at break of patches prepared at different stirring times.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Releasing test of patches prepared at different stirring times (phycocyanin/alginate ratio at 40/60).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Elongation at break of patches prepared at different mixing temperatures.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Releasing test of patches prepared at different mixing temperatures.
Figure 9
Figure 9
SEM micrographs of polylactic acid (PLA)/phycocyanin–alginate composite (a) before and (b) after the releasing test.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR)–FTIR spectra for PLA/phycocyanin–alginate composites (20 °C) before and after the releasing test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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