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. 2020 Sep 1;16(9):2204-2214.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1790279. Epub 2020 Jul 30.

The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay

Li Ping Wong  1 , Haridah Alias  1 , Pooi-Fong Wong  2 , Hai Yen Lee  3 , Sazaly AbuBakar  3   4
Affiliations

The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay

Li Ping Wong et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

Background: The development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection is on the way. To prepare for public availability, the acceptability of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay (WTP) were assessed to provide insights into future demand forecasts and pricing considerations.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 3 to 12 April 2020. The health belief model (HBM) was used to assess predictors of the intent to receive the vaccine and the WTP.

Results: A total of 1,159 complete responses was received. The majority reported a definite intent to receive the vaccine (48.2%), followed by a probable intent (29.8%) and a possible intent (16.3%). Both items under the perceived benefits construct in the HBM, namely believe the vaccination decreases the chance of infection (OR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.19-5.26) and the vaccination makes them feel less worry (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.03-4.65), were found to have the highest significant odds of a definite intention to take the vaccine. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the amount that participants were willing to pay for a dose of COVID-19 vaccine was MYR$134.0 (SD±79.2) [US$30.66 ± 18.12]. Most of the participants were willing to pay an amount of MYR$100 [US$23] (28.9%) and MYR$50 [US$11.5] (27.2%) for the vaccine. The higher marginal WTP for the vaccine was influenced by no affordability barriers as well as by socio-economic factors, such as higher education levels, professional and managerial occupations and higher incomes.

Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the utility of HBM constructs in understanding COVID-19 vaccination intention and WTP.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination; Malaysia; health belief model; intention; willingness to pay.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Proportion of agree responses to health belief model constructs (N = 1159).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
COVID-19 vaccination intent (N = 1159).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Overall willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine and WTP by average household income groups (N = 1159).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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