Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides Modulate Gut Inflammatory Response and Improve Duodenal Villi Height in Post-Weaning Piglets Improving Feed Efficiency

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on gut health and performance in post-weaning piglets. In total, 40 piglets were divided into two experimental groups and fed a basal diet with (TRT) or without (CON) 0.2% mannan oligosaccharides for 35 days. Growth performance was determined weekly and faecal microbial composition on days 0, 14 and 35. On day 36, histometrical evaluations were performed on duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and colon samples. mRNA gene expression of inflammation-related genes was evaluated in samples of ileal Peyer's patches (IPP). MOS administration improved feed efficiency in the last two weeks of the trial (p < 0.05), and a decreased clostridia content was found in faeces at day 14 (p = 0.05). TRT piglets showed increased duodenal villi height (p < 0.05), and reduced mRNA levels of Tumour Necrosis Factor α (p < 0.05) and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (p < 0.01) in IPP. Our results suggest beneficial effects of MOS supplementation on gut morphology and the expression of inflammation-related genes in post-weaning piglets, accompanied by increased feed efficiency.

Keywords: faecal microbiota; gene expression; gut health; intestinal morphology; mannan oligosaccharides; post-weaning piglets.

Figure 1

Effects of mannan oligosaccharides supplementation in post weaning piglets on GIT histometry. Data shown as LSMeans ± SEM. (a) duodenum, (b) jejunum, (c) ileum, and (d) colon; CON (n = 10): animals receiving the basal diet with no MOS supplementation; TRT (n = 10): animals receiving the basal diet with 0.2% MOS supplementation; LSMeans: least-square means; SEM: standard error of the mean; * significant at p < 0.05.

Figure 2

mRNA expression levels of genes encoding intestinal pro-inflammatory mediators in ileal Peyer’s patches of postweaning piglets supplemented with mannan oligosaccharides. Data shown as LSMeans ± SEM. Values are expressed as relative arbitrary unit (RAU). CON (n = 10): animals receiving the basal diet with no MOS supplementation; TRT (n = 10): animals receiving the basal diet with 0.2% MOS supplementation; PCR reactions were normalised to the Ct values of the reference genes β-actin and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) of S. scrofa, and differential expressions were determined using the comparative Ct method; LSMeans: least-square means; SEM: standard error of the mean; * significant at p < 0.05; ** significant at p < 0.01.