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. 2020 Jul 7:68:115-135.
doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.68.53561. eCollection 2020.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): four new species and keys to species of the genus

Rui Du  1 , Fang Wu  1 , Genevieve M Gate  2 , Yu-Cheng Dai  1 , Xue-Mei Tian  3
Affiliations

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): four new species and keys to species of the genus

Rui Du et al. MycoKeys. .

Abstract

Sidera is a polypore genus with white to cream or buff basidiomata, whose species in Hymenochaetales are poorly known. We study the phylogeny and diversity of Sidera based on our recent collections from tropic and subtropic Asian-Pacific regions. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene regions indicate that ten terminal lineages are well supported within Sidera. Based on morphological examination and phylogeny, four new species, viz. Sidera minutissima, S. parallela, S. srilankensis and S. tenuis are described, and a new combination, Sidera minutipora, is proposed. All these species are illustrated. Sidera minutissima is characterized by tiny basidiomata with bluish pores when fresh, generative hyphae dominating at the dissepiment edges, the presence of cystidioles, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.8-4.4 × 0.9-1.3 μm. Sidera parallela differs from other poroid species in the genus by having parallel tramal hyphae in combination with lunate basidiospores measuring 2.8-3.3 × 0.9-1.2 μm. Sidera srilankensis have generative and skeletal hyphae co-dominating at the dissepiment edges, and lunate basidiospores measuring 3.5-4 × 1-1.3 μm. Sidera tenuis is distinguished by small pores (8-10 per mm) and relatively long allantoid basidiospores measuring 4.2-5 × 0.8-1 μm. Sidera minutipora is characterized by buff to olivaceous buff basidiomata when dry, 5-7 pores per mm, rosette-like crystals rare, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.7-4.3 × 1-1.3 μm. An identification key to all accepted species is provided.

Keywords: Rickenellaceae; Phylogeny; taxonomy; wood-rotting fungi.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Phylogeny of Sidera and related species generated by BI analysis based on combined ITS and nLSU sequences. Branches are labeled with MP and ML bootstrap values higher than 50%, and BI probabilities more than 0.95. New species and a new combination name are indicated in bold.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
A basidioma of Sidera minutipora (Cui 16720). Scale bar: 1 cm. Photo by Bao-Kai Cui.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Microscopic structures of Sidera minutipora (Cui 16720) a basidiospores b basidia, basidioles c cystidioles d hyphae from subiculum e hyphae from trama f hyphae at dissepiment edge. Drawings by Rui Du.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
A basidioma of Sidera minutissima (paratype, Dai 19587). Scale bar: 1 cm. Photo by Yu-Cheng Dai.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Microscopic structures of Sidera minutissima (holotype, Dai 19529) a basidiospores b basidia, basidioles c cystidioles d hyphae from subiculum e hyphae from trama f hyphae at dissepiment edge. Drawings by Rui Du.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
A basidioma of Sidera parallela (holotype, Cui 10346). Scale bar: 1 cm. Photo by Bao-Kai Cui.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Microscopic structures of Sidera parallela (holotype, Cui 10346) a basidiospores b basidia, basidioles c cystidioles d hyphae from subiculum e hyphae from trama f hyphae at dissepiment edge. Drawings by Rui Du.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
A basidioma of Sidera srilankensis (holotype, Dai 19654). Scale bar: 1 cm. Photo by Yu-Cheng Dai.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Microscopic structures of Sidera srilankensis (holotype, Dai 19654) a basidiospores b basidia, basidioles c cystidioles d hyphae from subiculum e hyphae from trama f hyphae at dissepiment edge. Drawings by Rui Du.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
A basidioma of Sidera tenuis (holotype, Dai 18697). Scale bar: 1 cm. Photo by Yu-Cheng Dai.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Microscopic structures of Sidera tenuis (holotype, Dai 18697) a basidiospores b basidia, basidioles c cystidioles d hyphae from subiculum e hyphae from trama f hyphae at dissepiment edge. Drawings by Rui Du.
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