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Review
. 2020 Apr;8(Suppl 1):247-255.
doi: 10.22038/abjs.2020.47754.2346.

Prevalence of Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ashkan Baradaran  1 , Mohammad H Ebrahimzadeh  1 , Aslan Baradaran  2 , Amir R Kachooei  1
Affiliations
Review

Prevalence of Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ashkan Baradaran et al. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2020 Apr.

Abstract

Background: In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in the confirmed COVID-19 patients. This might help showing which comorbidity might pose the patients at risk of more severe symptoms.

Methods: We searched all relevant databases on April 7th, 2020 using the keywords ("novel coronavirus" OR COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR Coronavirus) AND (comorbidities OR clinical characteristics OR epidemiologic*). We reviewed 33 papers' full text out of 1053 papers. There were 32 papers from China and 1 from Taiwan. There was no language or study level limit. Prevalence of comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, chronic kidney disease, malignancies, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic liver disease and smoking were extracted to measure the pooled estimates. We used OpenMeta and used random-effect model to do a single arm meta-analysis.

Results: The mean age of the diagnosed patients was 51 years. The male to female ratio was 55 to 45. The most prevalent finding in the confirmed COVID-19 patients was hypertension, which was found in 1/5 of the patients (21%). Other most prevalent finding was diabetes mellitus (DM) in 11%, cerebrovascular disease in 2.4%, cardiovascular disease in 5.8%, chronic kidney disease in 3.6%, chronic liver disease in 2.9%, chronic pulmonary disease in 2.0%, malignancy in 2.7%, and smoking in 8.7% of the patients.

Conclusion: COVID-19 infection seems to be affecting every race, sex, age, irrespective of health status. The risk of symptomatic and severe disease might be higher due to the higher age which is usually accompanied with comorbidities. However, comorbidities do not seem to be the prerequisite for symptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection, except hypertension.

Keywords: COVID-19; Comorbidities; Coronavirus; Systematic review.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram. (From Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group [2009]. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med. 6[7]:e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of the age distribution using random effect model
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of the Sex (male) ratio using random effect model
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Forest plot of the Sex (Female) ratio using random effect model
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot of the cerebrovascular disease prevalence among COVID-19 patients using random effect model
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot of the cardiovascular disease prevalence among COVID-19 patients using random effect model
Figure 7
Figure 7
Forest plot of the chronic kidney disease prevalence among COVID-19 patients using random effect model
Figure 8
Figure 8
Forest plot of the diabetes melittus prevalence among COVID-19 patients using random effect model
Figure 9
Figure 9
Forest plot of the hypertension prevalence among COVID-19 patients using random effect model
Figure 10
Figure 10
Forest plot of the chronic liver disease prevalence among COVID-19 patients using random effect model
Figure 11
Figure 11
Forest plot of the chronic pulmonary disease prevalence among COVID-19 patients using random effect model
Figure 12
Figure 12
Forest plot of the malignancy prevalence among COVID-19 patients using random effect model
Figure 13
Figure 13
Forest plot of the smoking prevalence among COVID-19 patients using random effect model
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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