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Review
. 2020;10(s1):S49-S56.
doi: 10.3233/JPD-202103.

Management of Visual Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Joseph Savitt  1 , Rachid Aouchiche  2
Affiliations
Review

Management of Visual Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Joseph Savitt et al. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020.

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder with many symptoms responsive to treatment with dopamine agonists, anti-cholinergics and the dopamine precursor, levodopa. The cardinal features of PD include tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. There also are non-motor features that include sleep disorders, cognitive and affective dysfunction, hyposmia, pain and dysautonomia (constipation, bloating, orthostasis, urinary symptoms, sexual dysfunction, dysphagia). Among these non-motor features are signs and symptoms of visual system impairment that range from subtle examination findings to those causing severe disability. In this review we describe common PD-related abnormalities in the visual system, how they present, and potential treatments.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; diplopia; dry eye; hallucination; vision.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to report.

Figures

Fig.1
Fig.1
Addressing hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease. Flow chart for stepwise treatment of hallucinations in PD. See text for details and additional warnings. *Use of antipsychotics in patients suffering from dementia must proceed with caution given the black box warning for increased mortality, also QTc should be monitored. MAOb-I, monoamine oxidase B inhibitor; STN-DBS, subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation; COMT-I, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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