Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Jul 17;5(29):18091-18104.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01641. eCollection 2020 Jul 28.

Improvements in the Organic-Phase Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse M x Fe3- x O4 (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) Spinel Nanoferrites for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Application

Hossein Etemadi  1 , Paul G Plieger  1
Affiliations

Improvements in the Organic-Phase Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse M x Fe3- x O4 (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) Spinel Nanoferrites for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Application

Hossein Etemadi et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

In the quest for optimal heat dissipaters for magnetic fluid hyperthermia applications, monodisperse M x Fe3-x O4 (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) spinel nanoferrites were successfully synthesized through a modified organic-phase hydrothermal route. The chemical composition effect on the size, crystallinity, saturation magnetization, magnetic anisotropy, and heating potential of prepared nanoferrites were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. TEM revealed that a particle diameter between 6 and 14 nm could be controlled by varying the surfactant ratio and doping ions. EDS, AAS, XRD, and XPS confirmed the inclusion of Zn and Mg ions in the Fe3O4 structure. Magnetization studies via VSM revealed both the superparamagnetic nature of the nanoferrites and the dependence on substitution of the doped ions to the final magnetization. The broader zero-field cooling curve of Zn-doped Fe3O4 was related to their large size distribution. Finally, a maximum rising temperature (T max) of 66 °C was achieved for an aqueous ferrofluid of nondoped Fe3O4 nanoparticles after magnetic field activation for 12 min.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
TEM images of the synthesized Fe1 (a,b) and Fe2 (c,d) NPs at different magnifications of 100 and 25 nm (TOPO 0.5 mmol, time 120 min at 240 °C). Insets: size distribution of Fe1 (e) and Fe2 (f) with mean size and standard deviation value (σ).
Figure 2
Figure 2
TEM images of the synthesized ZnFe1 (a,b) and ZnFe2 (c,d) NPs at different magnifications of 100 and 25 nm (TOPO 0.5 mmol, time 120 min at 240 °C). Insets: size distribution of ZnFe1 (e) and ZnFe2 (f) with mean size and standard deviation value (σ).
Figure 3
Figure 3
TEM images of the synthesized MgFe1 (a,b) and MgFe2 (c,d) NPs at different magnifications of 100 and 25 nm (TOPO 0.5 mmol, time 120 min at 240 °C). Insets: size distribution of MgFe1 (e) and MgFe2 (f) with mean size and standard deviation value (σ).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Powder XRD patterns and the (b) highlighted (311) diffraction peak of MxFe3–xO4 (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) nanoferrites.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a,b) TGA curves of MxFe3–xO4 (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) nanoferrites.
Figure 6
Figure 6
XPS spectra of the Fe1 nanoferrite (a) survey scan, (b) C 1s, (c) O 1s, and (d) Fe 2p regional scans.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Magnetic hysteresis loops of MxFe3–xO4 (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) nanoferrites at room temperature. (b) Magnified view of the hysteresis loop of nanoferrites in low magnetic field, as indicated by the dashed box in (a). (c) Inset shows the magnetic response of ZnFe2 to an external magnetic field.
Figure 8
Figure 8
FC/ZFC curves of the MxFe3–xO4 (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) nanoferrites recorded at a constant magnetic field of 10 Oe.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Heating curves of water-dispersed MxFe3–xO4 (M = Fe, Mg, Zn) nanoferrites at a field amplitude of 114.01 mT. (b) SAR and (c) ILP values obtained from these curves.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lee J.-H.; Jang J.-t.; Choi J.-s.; Moon S. H.; Noh S.-h.; Kim J.-w.; Kim J.-G.; Kim I.-S.; Park K. I.; Cheon J. Exchange-coupled magnetic nanoparticles for efficient heat induction. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011, 6, 418.10.1038/nnano.2011.95. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jang J.-t.; Lee J.; Seon J.; Ju E.; Kim M.; Kim Y. I.; Kim M. G.; Takemura Y.; Arbab A. S.; Kang K. W.; Park K. H.; Paek S. H.; Bae S. Giant Magnetic Heat Induction of Magnesium-Doped γ-Fe2O3 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Completely Killing Tumors. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704362.10.1002/adma.201704362. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Sathya A.; Guardia P.; Brescia R.; Silvestri N.; Pugliese G.; Nitti S.; Manna L.; Pellegrino T. CoxFe3–xO4 Nanocubes for Theranostic Applications: Effect of Cobalt Content and Particle Size. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 1769–1780. 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04780. - DOI
    1. Yang L.; Ma L.; Xin J.; Li A.; Sun C.; Wei R.; Ren B. W.; Chen Z.; Lin H.; Gao J. Composition Tunable Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles for Optimized T2 Contrast Ability. Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 3038–3047. 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00035. - DOI
    1. Lee J.-H.; Huh Y.-M.; Jun Y.-w.; Seo J.-w.; Jang J.-t.; Song H.-T.; Kim S.; Cho E.-J.; Yoon H.-G.; Suh J.-S.; Cheon J. Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging. J. Nat. Med. 2007, 13, 95.10.1038/nm1467. - DOI - PubMed