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. 2020 Aug 1;12(8):495.
doi: 10.3390/toxins12080495.

Individual and Combined In Vitro Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on Boar Semen

Panagiotis D Tassis  1 , Ioannis A Tsakmakidis  1 , Veronika Nagl  2 , Nicole Reisinger  2 , Eleni Tzika  1 , Christiane Gruber-Dorninger  2 , Ilias Michos  1 , Nikolaos Mittas  3 , Athina Basioura  1 , Dian Schatzmayr  2
Affiliations

Individual and Combined In Vitro Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on Boar Semen

Panagiotis D Tassis et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) can negatively affect pig health. However, little is known about their effects on boar semen. We assessed the individual and combined effects of DON and ZEN on boar semen in vitro. In a pretrial, we determined the minimum dose (MiD) of each mycotoxin that induces a significant alteration of sperm progressive motility, as investigated using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). In the main trial, the individual and combined effects of each mycotoxin's MiD on sperm motility and kinetics (CASA analysis), morphology (SpermBlue staining), viability (calcein-propidium iodide staining), membrane functional status (hypoosmotic swelling test), and chromatin integrity (acridine orange staining) were analyzed. Pretrial results suggested a MiD of 50.6 μM and 62.8 μM for DON and ZEN, respectively. In the main trial, DON and ZEN administered at MiD significantly affected CASA parameters (e.g., increase of immotile spermatozoa, reduction of progressive motile spermatozoa), decreased sperm viability, and affected sperm morphology (head abnormalities) and membrane functional status. DON and ZEN showed less than additive effects on most parameters tested and a synergistic effect on viability and on two CASA parameters. In conclusion, DON and ZEN showed individual and combined toxic effects on boar semen in vitro.

Keywords: boar; combined effects; deoxynivalenol; fertility; motility; mycotoxins; reproduction; semen; spermatozoa; zearalenone.

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Conflict of interest statement

V.N., N.R., C.G.-D., and D.S. are employees of BIOMIN Holding GmbH. However, this circumstance did not influence the design of the experimental studies or bias the presentation and interpretation of results. P.D.T., I.A.T., E.T., I.M., N.M., and A.B. declare no conflicts of interest.

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