The optimal surface for delivery of CPR: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Aim: To determine the effect of CPR delivery surface (e.g. firm mattress, floor, backboard) on patient outcomes and CPR delivery.

Methods: We searched Medline, Cochrane Library and Web of Science for studies published since 2009 that evaluated the effect of CPR delivery surface in adults and children on patient outcomes and quality of CPR. We included randomised controlled trials only. We identified pre-2010 studies from the 2010 ILCOR evaluation of this topic. Two reviewers independently screened titles/ abstracts and full-text papers, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Evidence certainty for each outcome was evaluated using GRADE methodology. Where appropriate, we pooled data in a meta-analysis, using a random-effects model.

Results: Database searches identified 2701 citations. We included seven studies published since 2009. We analysed these studies together with the four studies included in the previous ILCOR review. All included studies were randomised controlled trials in manikins. Certainty of evidence was very low. Increasing mattress stiffness or moving the manikin from the bed to the floor did not improve compression depth. Use of a backboard marginally improved compression depth (mean difference 3 mm (95% CI 1-4).

Conclusion: The use of a backboard led to a small increase in chest compression depth in manikin trials. Different mattress types or delivery of CPR on the floor did not affect chest compression depth. PROSPERO CRD42019154791.

Keywords: Backboard; Cardiac arrest; Chest compressions; Mattress; Systematic review.