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. 2020 Aug;21(13):903-917.
doi: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0045. Epub 2020 Aug 6.

Further evidence for the association of GAL, GALR1 and NPY1R variants with opioid dependence

Matthew Randesi  1 , Orna Levran  1 , Wim van den Brink  2 , Peter Blanken  3 , Jan M van Ree  4 , Jurg Ott  5 , Mary J Kreek  1
Affiliations

Further evidence for the association of GAL, GALR1 and NPY1R variants with opioid dependence

Matthew Randesi et al. Pharmacogenomics. 2020 Aug.

Abstract

Aim: Heroin addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease that has genetic and environmental, including drug-induced, contributions. Stress influences the development of addictions. This study was conducted to determine if variants in stress-related genes are associated with opioid dependence (OD). Patients & methods: One hundred and twenty variants in 26 genes were analyzed in 597 Dutch subjects. Patients included 281 OD in methadone maintenance with or without heroin-assisted treatment and 316 controls. Results: Twelve SNPs in seven genes showed a nominally significant association with OD. Experiment-wise significant associations (p < 0.05) were found for three SNP pairs, through an interaction effect: NPY1R/GAL rs4691910/rs1893679, NPY1R/GAL rs4691910/rs3136541 and GALR1/GAL rs9807208/rs3136541. Conclusion: This study lends more evidence to previous reports of association of stress-related variants with heroin dependence.

Keywords: GAL; GALR1; NPY1R; case–control association study; opioid dependence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This study was supported by grants from the Dr Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation (MJK), a special supplement to the National Institutes of Health grant R01-DA012848 (MJK) and a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium.
The pairwise correlation between SNPs, measured in r2, calculated from the genotypes of the control subjects. The values shown are (100×) in each box. The magnitude of the value is indicated by the shade of color.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium.
The pairwise correlation between SNPs, measured in r2, calculated from the genotypes of the control subjects. The values shown are (100×) in each box. The magnitude of the value is indicated by the shade of color.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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