Review

. 2020 Nov 25:745:140910.

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140910. Epub 2020 Jul 19.

Viruses in wastewater: occurrence, abundance and detection methods

Mary Vermi Aizza Corpuz¹, Antonio Buonerba², Giovanni Vigliotta³, Tiziano Zarra⁴, Florencio Ballesteros Jr⁵, Pietro Campiglia⁶, Vincenzo Belgiorno⁷, Gregory Korshin⁸, Vincenzo Naddeo⁹

Affiliations

¹ Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Electronic address: mamorales1@upd.edu.ph.
² Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards (C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy. Electronic address: abuonerba@unisa.it.
³ Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy. Electronic address: gvigliotta@unisa.it.
⁴ Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards (C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy. Electronic address: tzarra@unisa.it.
⁵ Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Electronic address: fcballesteros@up.edu.ph.
⁶ Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy. Electronic address: pcampiglia@unisa.it.
⁷ Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards (C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy. Electronic address: vbelgiorno@unisa.it.
⁸ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98105-2700, United States. Electronic address: korshin@uw.edu.
⁹ Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards (C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy. Electronic address: vnaddeo@unisa.it.

PMID: 32758747
PMCID: PMC7368910
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140910

Review

Viruses in wastewater: occurrence, abundance and detection methods

Mary Vermi Aizza Corpuz et al. Sci Total Environ. 2020.

. 2020 Nov 25:745:140910.

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140910. Epub 2020 Jul 19.

Authors

Mary Vermi Aizza Corpuz¹, Antonio Buonerba², Giovanni Vigliotta³, Tiziano Zarra⁴, Florencio Ballesteros Jr⁵, Pietro Campiglia⁶, Vincenzo Belgiorno⁷, Gregory Korshin⁸, Vincenzo Naddeo⁹

Affiliations

¹ Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Electronic address: mamorales1@upd.edu.ph.
² Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards (C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy. Electronic address: abuonerba@unisa.it.
³ Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy. Electronic address: gvigliotta@unisa.it.
⁴ Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards (C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy. Electronic address: tzarra@unisa.it.
⁵ Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Electronic address: fcballesteros@up.edu.ph.
⁶ Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy. Electronic address: pcampiglia@unisa.it.
⁷ Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards (C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy. Electronic address: vbelgiorno@unisa.it.
⁸ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98105-2700, United States. Electronic address: korshin@uw.edu.
⁹ Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards (C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy. Electronic address: vnaddeo@unisa.it.

PMID: 32758747
PMCID: PMC7368910
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140910

Abstract

This paper presents an updated and comprehensive review on the different methods used for detection and quantification of viruses in wastewater treatment systems. The analysis of viability of viruses in wastewater and sludge is another thrust of this review. Recent studies have mostly focused on determining the abundance and diversity of viruses in wastewater influents, in samples from primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages, and in final effluents. A few studies have also examined the occurrence and diversity of viruses in raw and digested sludge samples. Recent efforts to improve efficiency of virus detection and quantification methods in the complex wastewater and sludge matrices are highlighted in this review. A summary and a detailed comparison of the pre-treatment methods that have been utilized for wastewater and sludge samples are also presented. The role of metagenomics or sequencing analysis in monitoring wastewater systems to predict disease outbreaks, to conduct public health surveillance, to assess the efficiency of existing treatment systems in virus removal, and to re-evaluate current regulations regarding pathogenic viruses in wastewater is discussed in this paper. Challenges and future perspectives in the detection of viruses, including emerging and newly emerged viruses such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in wastewater systems are discussed in this review.

Keywords: Emerging viruses; SARS-CoV-2; Sequencing; Sludge; Virus concentration; Virus detection.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest On behalf of all authors, I declare that there is no conflict of interest. All authors have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest, or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Figures

Unlabelled Image — **Graphical abstract**

**Fig. 1**
Occurrence of representative viruses in wastewater.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Viruses in wastewater: occurrence, abundance and detection methods

Affiliations

Viruses in wastewater: occurrence, abundance and detection methods

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

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LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

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Miscellaneous