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Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Aug 8;20(1):121.
doi: 10.1186/s12902-020-00575-8.

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of the type 1 diabetes: a meta-regression and updated meta-analysis

Na Zhai  1 , Ramtin Bidares  2 , Masoud Hassanzadeh Makoui  3 , Saeed Aslani  4 , Payam Mohammadi  5 , Bahman Razi  6 , Danyal Imani  3 , Mohammad Yazdchi  7 , Haleh Mikaeili  8
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of the type 1 diabetes: a meta-regression and updated meta-analysis

Na Zhai et al. BMC Endocr Disord. .

Abstract

Background: The association between the polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been evaluated in several studies. However, the findings were inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effect of VDR gene polymorphisms on the risk of T1DM.

Methods: All relevant studies reporting the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to T1DM published up to May 2020 were identified by comprehensive systematic database search in ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE. Strength of association were assessed by calculating of pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. To find the potential sources of heterogeneity, meta-regression and subgroup analysis were also performed.

Results: A total of 39 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results of overall population rejected any significant association between VDR gene polymorphisms and T1DM risk. However, the pooled results of subgroup analysis revealed significant negative and positive associations between FokI and BsmI polymorphisms and T1DM in Africans and Americans, respectively.

Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested a significant association between VDR gene polymorphism and T1DM susceptibility in ethnic-specific analysis.

Keywords: Meta-analysis; Polymorphism; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Vitamin D receptor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of study selection process
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pooled OR and 95% CI of individual studies and pooled data for the association between ApaI gene polymorphism and T1DM risk in heterozygote contrast (Aa vs. AA)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval of individual studies and pooled data for the association between FokI, BsmI gene polymorphism and T1DM risk in different ethnicity subgroups and overall populations for A; dominant model (FokI), B; Ff vs. FF Model (FokI), and C; Recessive Model (BsmI)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Begg’s funnel plot for publication bias test. A; dominant model FokI. B; dominant model TaqI. C; dominant model BsmI. D; dominant model ApaI. Each point represents a separate study for the indicated association
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Sensitivity analysis in present meta-analysis investigates the single nucleotide polymorphisms of Vitamin D Receptor contribute to risk for T1DM (A, FokI; B, TaqI; C, BsmI; D, ApaI)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Meta-regression plots of the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and risk of CAD based on; A: Publication year (Dominant model), B: Ethnicity (Recessive model), C: Publication year (Allelic model), C: Ethnicity (aa vs. AA model)
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