[Cell death mechanisms in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis]
- PMID: 32773025
- DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2020002
[Cell death mechanisms in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis]
Abstract
Continuous cell death associated with inflammation is a key trigger of disease progression notably in chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Apoptosis has been studied as a potential target for reducing cell death in NASH. However, recent studies suggest that caspase inhibition is inefficient to treat NASH patients and may aggravate the disease by redirecting cells to alternative mechanisms of cell death. Alternative forms of lytic cell death have recently been identified and are known to induce strong inflammatory responses due to cell membrane permeabilization. Therefore, controlling lytic cell death modes offers new opportunities for potential therapeutic intervention in NASH. This review summarizes the underlying molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and lytic cell death modes, including necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, and discusses their relevance in NASH.
Title: Les mécanismes de mort cellulaire dans la stéatohépatite non alcoolique.
Abstract: La mort hépatocellulaire chronique et l’inflammation qui en résulte sont des évènements clés dans la progression de la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique (NAFL) vers la stéatohépatite non alcoolique (NASH). La NASH est un état sévère de la maladie qui est associé au développement de la fibrose et qui peut à terme évoluer vers la cirrhose et le cancer du foie. L’apoptose a initialement été étudiée comme cible potentielle pour réduire la mort des hépatocytes dans la NASH. Cependant, des études récentes suggèrent que l’inhibition des caspases est inefficace pour traiter les patients atteints de NASH et pourrait même aggraver la maladie en redirigeant les hépatocytes vers d’autres voies de mort cellulaire. De nouvelles formes de mort cellulaire dites lytiques ont récemment été identifiées et induisent de fortes réponses inflammatoires causées par la perméabilisation des membranes cellulaires. Le contrôle de ces voies de mort lytiques offre par conséquent de nouvelles opportunités thérapeutiques pour traiter la NASH. Cette revue résume les mécanismes moléculaires déclenchant l’apoptose et les voies de mort lytiques, parmi lesquelles la nécroptose, la pyroptose et la ferroptose, et discute de leur pertinence dans la NASH.
Keywords: apoptose; apoptosis; ferroptose; ferroptosis; necroptosis; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; nécroptose; pyroptose; pyroptosis; stéatohépatite non alcoolique.
© Société de Biologie, 2020.
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