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. 2020 Aug 3;9(8):812-817.
doi: 10.1002/open.202000166. eCollection 2020 Aug.

Electrochemical Performance of Graphitic Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Different Aspect Ratios as Cathode Materials for Aluminum-ion Batteries

Lixue Hou  1 , Haining Cao  1 , Mei Han  1 , Zichuan Lv  1 , Shuai Zhou  1 , Hui Chen  1 , Huiping Du  1 , Mian Cai  1 , Yue Zhou  1 , Chao Meng  1 , Yinghui Bian  1 , Meng-Chang Lin  1
Affiliations

Electrochemical Performance of Graphitic Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Different Aspect Ratios as Cathode Materials for Aluminum-ion Batteries

Lixue Hou et al. ChemistryOpen. .

Abstract

Graphitic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can function as high-performance cathode materials for rechargeable Al-ion batteries with well-defined discharging plateaus and reasonable charge/discharge C-rates. However, the main intercalation/deintercalation or adsorption/desorption path of AlCl4- anions into or onto G-MWCNTs has not been elucidated. Herein, we used battery cells comprised of G-MWCNTs with different aspect ratios, Al metal, and AlCl3/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid as the cathode, anode, and electrolyte, respectively. The electrochemical performance of the Al||G-MWCNT cell increased as the aspect ratio of the G-MWCNT cathode increased (i. e., longer and thinner). The degree of defects of the G-MWCNTs was similar (0.15-0.22); hence, the results confirm that the main and alternate paths for the AlCl4- intercalation/de-intercalation or adsorption/desorption into/from or onto/from the G-MWCNT are the basal and edge planes, respectively. The step-like structures of defects on the basal plane provide the main reaction site for AlCl4- anions.

Keywords: aluminum; aspect ratio; cathod materials; multi-walled carbon nanotubes; reaction mechanisms.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a–d) Scanning electron microscopy images, (e–h) High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images and (i) schematic drawing of the four types of MWCNTs with different aspect ratios.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Raman spectra and (b) XRD spectra of the four types of MWCNT.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Charge/discharge curves of four types of MWCNT cathodes at 200 mA g−1 current density. (b) Capacity retention of the Al||MWCNT‐1 cell charge/discharge cycled at various current densities.
Figure 4
Figure 4
b‐value determination of the cathodic peak currents of (a) Al||MWCNT‐1, (b) Al||MWCNT‐2, (c) Al||MWCNT‐3, and (d) Al||MWCNT‐4 cells. Insets: the ratio between battery behavior (blue dotted rectangle) and capacitive behaviors (red solid rectangle) at different scan rates of the Al||MWCNT cells.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Relationship between various MWCNT cathodes with different aspect ratios and the corresponding specific capacities of the Al||MWCNT cells.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of interfacial interaction between AlCl4 − and graphitic MWCNTs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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