Microbial degradation of tetracycline in the aquatic environment: a review

Abstract

Tetracycline residues have frequently been detected in multi-environmental media, and it could induce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in microorganisms, which has attracted great attention. Where biodegradation processes may be a promising strategy to remove tetracycline. Thus, this study mainly considers: (i) the degradation of tetracycline by microorganisms including single microorganisms and microbial flora; (ii) the elimination of tetracycline during biochemical treatment processes and advanced treatment systems in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and constructed wetlands (CWs); (iii) the degradation of tetracycline by biological coupling processes; (iv) the confusion and problem of tetracycline biodegradation. Furthermore, the characteristics and comparison of tetracycline biodegradation have been discussed in detail. Additionally, future research directions are suggested to reduce tetracycline in the aquatic environment, especially tetracycline biodegradation and the nitrogen conversion process. Highlights Degradation of tetracycline by pure culture strains and microflora was significant. Degradation of tetracycline by biochemical treatment process was summarized. Advanced treatment process in CWs could eliminate tetracycline. Future research directions on biodegradation of tetracycline are proposed.

Keywords: Tetracycline; biodegradation; constructed wetlands (CWs) nitrogen conversion; microorganisms; wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).