Smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a 60-day objective and prospective study

Abstract

Background: The long-term recovery rate of chemosensitive functions in coronavirus disease 2019 patients has not yet been determined.

Method: A multicentre prospective study on 138 coronavirus disease 2019 patients was conducted. Olfactory and gustatory functions were prospectively evaluated for 60 days.

Results: Within the first 4 days of coronavirus disease 2019, 84.8 per cent of patients had chemosensitive dysfunction that gradually improved over the observation period. The most significant increase in chemosensitive scores occurred in the first 10 days for taste and between 10 and 20 days for smell. At the end of the observation period (60 days after symptom onset), 7.2 per cent of the patients still had severe dysfunctions. The risk of developing a long-lasting disorder becomes significant at 10 days for taste (odds ratio = 40.2, 95 per cent confidence interval = 2.204-733.2, p = 0.013) and 20 days for smell (odds ratio = 58.5, 95 per cent confidence interval = 3.278-1043.5, p = 0.005).

Conclusion: Chemosensitive disturbances persisted in 7.2 per cent of patients 60 days after clinical onset. Specific therapies should be initiated in patients with severe olfactory and gustatory disturbances 20 days after disease onset.

Keywords: Ageusia; Anosmia; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Gustatory Dysfunction; Hypogeusia; SARS-CoV-2; Smell; Taste.

Fig. 1.

Olfactory clinical diagnosis and trend score during the observation period.

Fig. 2.

Gustatory clinical diagnosis and trend score during the observation period.