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Review
. 2020 Dec;72(12):1732-1749.
doi: 10.1111/jphp.13351. Epub 2020 Aug 12.

Recent trends in targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy

Vandit Shah  1 , Jigna Shah  1
Affiliations
Review

Recent trends in targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy

Vandit Shah et al. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2020 Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNA employed by the cells for gene regulation. A single miRNA, typically 22 nucleotides in length, can regulate the expression of numerous genes. Over the past decade, the study of miRNA biology in the context of cancer has led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.

Key findings: MicroRNA dysregulation is commonly associated with cancer, in part because miRNAs are actively involved in the mechanisms like genomic instabilities, aberrant transcriptional control, altered epigenetic regulation and biogenesis machinery defects. MicroRNAs can regulate oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes and thus when altered can lead to tumorigenesis. Expression profiling of miRNAs has boosted the possibilities of application of miRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets, although the feasibility of these approaches will require further validation.

Summary: In this review, we will focus on how miRNAs regulate tumour development and the potential applications of targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy.

Keywords: cancer; cancer therapy; dysregulated expression; miRNA.

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