Utility of Three-Dimensional (3D) Modeling for Planning Structural Heart Interventions (with an Emphasis on Valvular Heart Disease)

Abstract

Purpose of review: Advanced imaging has played a vital role in the contemporary, rapid rise of structural heart interventions. 3D modeling and printing has emerged as one of the most recent imaging tools and the implementation of 3D modeling is expected to increase with further advances in imaging, print hardware, and materials.

Recent findings: 3D modeling can be used to educate patients and clinical teams, provide ex vivo procedural simulation, and improve outcomes. Intra-procedural success rates may be improved, and post-procedural complications can be predicted more robustly with appropriate application of 3D modeling. Recent advances in technology have increased the availability of this tool, such that there can be more ready adoption into a routine clinical workflow. Familiarity with 3D modeling and its current utilization and role in structural interventions will help inform how to approach and adapt this exciting new technology.

Keywords: 3D modeling; 3D printing; Intervention; Structural; Transesophageal echocardiography; Valve.