Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Nov:130:68-74.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.028. Epub 2020 Aug 1.

The associations between loneliness, social exclusion and pain in the general population: A N=502,528 cross-sectional UK Biobank study

Sarah F Allen  1 , Simon Gilbody  2 , Karl Atkin  3 , Christina van der Feltz-Cornelis  4
Affiliations

The associations between loneliness, social exclusion and pain in the general population: A N=502,528 cross-sectional UK Biobank study

Sarah F Allen et al. J Psychiatr Res. 2020 Nov.

Abstract

Chronic pain presents a huge burden for individuals and society and evidence suggests intrinsic links with loneliness, social exclusion and sleep. Research examining how these factors interact is warranted. We aimed to explore the relationships between social exclusion, loneliness, acute and chronic pain, and the influence of poor sleep, in the general UK population. A cross-sectional analysis of UKBiobank participants with baseline data for acute and chronic pain, loneliness and sleep. Principal components analysis (PCA) used data relating to social isolation and deprivation to establish a composite measure of social exclusion. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed. 502,528 UKBiobank participants (mean age = 56.6years, 54.4%female, 94.6%white) were included in the analysis. PCA suggested three social exclusion factors "social participation", "individual deprivation" and "area deprivation". Loneliness significantly predicted acute (OR:1.887; 95%CI1.857-1.917) and chronic pain (OR:1.843; 95%CI1.816-1.870). Each social exclusion factor alone and in combination significantly predicted pain with largest effects for individuals scoring high on all social exclusion factors, for acute (OR:2.087; 95%CI2.026-2.150) and chronic (OR:2.314; 95%CI2.249-2.380) pain. Coefficients remained statistically significant when models were adjusted for demographics and sleep. Social exclusion (as a multifaceted construct) and loneliness are associated with an increased prevalence of acute and chronic pain. Poor sleep has a potential mediating effect on these associations. Exploration of the incidence of pain in loneliness and social exclusion in the general population is warranted. From a public health perspective these findings could be used to design social interventions to prevent or manage pain and mitigate social exclusion.

Keywords: Loneliness; Pain; Public health; Sleep; Social exclusion; UKBiobank.

PubMed Disclaimer

Publication types