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. 2020:26:63-100.
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815134-1.00003-9. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Neuronal diversity of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

Anna Beyeler  1 , Joanna Dabrowska  2
Affiliations

Neuronal diversity of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

Anna Beyeler et al. Handb Behav Neurosci. 2020.
No abstract available

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
The amygdala complex and genetically identified populations. (A) Atlas of a human brain coronal section illustrating the different nuclei of the amygdala. (B) Detailed nuclei of the human amygdala. (C) Atlas of coronal sections of the adult mouse brain highlighting the different nuclei of the amygdala. (D) Schematic representation of the different amygdala nuclei and identified genetic markers. Adapted from the Allen human brain atlas (modified Brodmann) and the Paxinos mouse brain atlas (4th edition).
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Size, connectivity, and gene markers of BLA neurons. (A) Image of a frontal section of a cat brain including magnocellular and parvocellular pyramidal cells of the BA. (B) Diagram of the connectivity of pyramidal and inhibitory neurons in the BLA, and distribution of markers in the inhibitory interneurons. (C) Microcircuit diagram of the postsynaptic target of five types of inhibitory interneurons of the BLA. Adapted from Hall, E. (1972). The amygdala of the cat: A Golgi study. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie, 134, 439–458.
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Top-down control of CeA output and fear responses by a diverse population of CeA interneurons. Type I neurons of the CeL (Fear ON neurons, serotonin 5-HT1A receptors expressing, putative SOM neurons) provide tonic inhibition to other CeL interneurons, including Type II neurons. Type II neurons express OTR and partially overlap with PKCδ neurons (Fear OFF neurons). Almost half of the PKCδ neurons express ENK. Type II neurons tonically inhibit CeM output neurons (V1AR-expressing), which project to vlPAG and induce freezing responses. These Type II neurons also project to basal forebrain (SI and NM), where they dis-inhibit cholinergic neurons, which then promotes cortical arousal and active escape to an imminent threat. Activation of CRF neurons in the CeL has also been shown to promote an active defensive behavior (flight) in contrast to neighboring SOM neurons, which were shown to mediate passive fear responses (freezing). CeA receives neuron-specific glutamatergic inputs from the BLA, PFC, and LA.CRF and SOM neurons receive distinct afferent inputs from the BLA and vHPC, respectively. CeL, lateral nucleus of the central amygdala; CeM, medial nucleus of the central amygdala; BLA, basolateral amygdala; LA, lateral amygdala; vHPC, ventral hippocampus; vlPAG, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray; SI, substantia innominata; NM, nucleus basalis of Meynert; OTR, oxytocin receptor; CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor; V1AR, vasopressin 1A receptor; ENK, enkephalin; SOM, somatostatin; PKCδ, protein kinase C delta.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
Neuronal diversity of the dorsolateral BNST (BNSTDL). BNSTDL contains a variety of peptidergic neurons in the oval (BNSTOV), juxtacapsular (BNSTJXT) and ventral nucleus of the BNST (BNSTVEN). BNSTOV and BNSTJXT contain exclusively GABA-ergic neurons, whereas BNSTVEN might also contain glutamatergic neurons. A substantial number of BNSTOV neurons produce both CRF and NT, whereas all CRF neurons in the BNSTOV co-express STEP. STEP is also present on BNSTJXT neurons. In contrast, ENK neurons do not overlap with populations expressing CRF or NT, but express PKCδ mRNA. NPY neurons were shown to co-express SOM in rodents. Dotted arrows—BNSTDL neurons send neuron-type specific outputs. BNSTAM, anteromedial nucleus of the BNST; LV, lateral ventricle; CP, caudate putamen; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; DMV, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve; VTA, ventral tegmental area; PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; DRN, dorsal raphe nucleus; MPOA, medial preoptic area; LH, lateral hypothalamus; CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor; STEP, striatal enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase; NT, neurotensin; ENK, enkephalin; SOM, somatostatin; NPY, neuropeptide Y; DYN, dynorphin; PKCδ, protein kinase C delta; VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide; SP, substance P; CR, calretinin; GLUT, glutamate.
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