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Review
. 2020 Jul;8(13):827.
doi: 10.21037/atm-20-1127.

Statistics of heart failure and mechanical circulatory support in 2020

Robert E S Bowen  1 , Thomas J Graetz  1 , Daniel A Emmert  1 , Michael S Avidan  1
Affiliations
Review

Statistics of heart failure and mechanical circulatory support in 2020

Robert E S Bowen et al. Ann Transl Med. 2020 Jul.

Abstract

Heart failure is increasing in prevalence, with approximately 26 million patients affected worldwide. This represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Statistics regarding heart failure patient age, hospitalization likelihood, and mortality differ significantly by country. Heart failure patients are typically classified by ejection fraction, with distinct phenotypes associated with reduced ejection fraction (rEF) or preserved ejection fraction (pEF). Heart failure has a significant financial impact related to hospitalization, medication, and procedural expenses. The costs of heart failure also extend to the reduced quality of life conferred by heart failure symptoms. Management of heart failure includes a variety of interventions, including mechanical circulatory support (MCS). MCS, including left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), right ventricular assist devices (RVADs) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), has been a means of managing end stage heart failure. Given the relative scarcity of transplant organs, the utilization of MCS, particularly as a bridge to transplantation (BTT) has grown significantly. In this review, we discuss statistics related to heart failure and MCS. We evaluate how patients are classified and examine global trends and regional differences. We then address MCS therapies, the costs associated with heart failure, the impact of heart failure on patient quality of life, and data regarding morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: Heart failure; left ventricular assist device (LVAD); mechanical circulatory support (MCS); prevalence; statistics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-1127). The series “Perioperative Management of Patients with undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age-standardized global prevalence rates of cardiomyopathy and myocarditis per 100,000, both sexes, 2017. Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) Results. Seattle: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2018. Available online: http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/
Figure 2
Figure 2
Adult heart transplants % of patients bridged with MCS (LVAD, RVAD, TAH, ECMO) by year and device type (17). From: International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Available online: https://ishltregistries.org/downloadables/slides/2019/heart_adult.pptx; with permission. MCS, mechanical circulatory support; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; TAH, total artificial heart; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Adult heart transplants Kaplan-Meier survival by pre-transplant MCS use (transplants: January 2009–June 2016) (17). From: International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Available online: https://ishltregistries.org/downloadables/slides/2019/heart_adult.pptx; with permission. MCS, mechanical circulatory support; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
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