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Review
. 2020 Apr 1;17(4-6):27-38.

Depression in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review

Waguih William Ishak  1   2   3 , Gabriel Edwards  1   2   3 , Nathalie Herrera  1   2   3 , Tiffany Lin  1   2   3 , Kathryn Hren  1   2   3 , Michael Peterson  1   2   3 , Ashley Ngor  1   2   3 , Angela Liu  1   2   3 , Asher Kimchi  1   2   3 , Brennan Spiegel  1   2   3 , Rebecca Hedrick  1   2   3 , Robert Chernoff  1   2   3 , Marcio Diniz  1   2   3 , James Mirocha  1   2   3 , Vicki Manoukian  1   2   3 , Michael Ong  1   2   3 , John Harold  1   2   3 , Itai Danovitch  1   2   3 , Michele Hamilton  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Depression in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review

Waguih William Ishak et al. Innov Clin Neurosci. .

Abstract

Objective: This paper sought to identify the instruments used to measure depression in heart failure (HF) and elucidate the impact of treatment interventions on depression in HF. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed. Studies published from 1988 to 2018 covering depression and HF were identified through the review of the PubMed and PsycINFO databases using the keywords: "depres*" AND "heart failure." Two authors independently conducted a focused analysis, identifying 27 studies that met the specific selection criteria and passed the study quality checks. Results: Patient-reported questionnaires were more commonly adopted than clinician-rated questionnaires, including the Beck Depression Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Six common interventions were observed: antidepressant medications, collaborative care, psychotherapy, exercise, education, and other nonpharmacological interventions. Except for paroxetine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors failed to show a significant difference from placebo. However, the collaborative care model including the use of antidepressants showed a significant decrease in PHQ-9 score after one year. All of the psychotherapy studies included a variation of cognitive behavioral therapy and patients showed significant improvements. The evidence was mixed for exercise, education, and other nonpharmacological interventions. Conclusion: This study suggests which types of interventions are more effective in addressing depression in heart failure patients.

Keywords: Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; comorbid disorders; externalizing disorder; internalizing disorder; nosology.

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Conflict of interest statement

FUNDING:Research reported in this article was partially funded through a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute® (PCORI®) Award (2017C2-7716) given to Dr. IsHak. DISCLOSURES:The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article.

Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
PRISMA Flow Diagram.
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References

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