Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Jul 4;61(2):E259-E289.
doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.2.1244. eCollection 2020 Jun.

International epidemiology of liver cancer: geographical distribution, secular trends and predicting the future

M Mohammadian  1 , K Allah Bakeshei  2 , A Mohammadian-Hafshejani  3   4
Affiliations

International epidemiology of liver cancer: geographical distribution, secular trends and predicting the future

M Mohammadian et al. J Prev Med Hyg. .

Abstract

Background: Liver cancer (LC) is ranked seventh common cancer in terms of the incidence; and the fourth in terms of the mortality of cancer in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the international distribution of the incidence and mortality of LC in 2018 based on various socio-economic and political divisions in the world.

Material and methods: This study was conducted through the use of the incidence and mortality cancer data from GLOBOCAN Project in 2018. The Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of LC were expressed per 100,000 people. In the current report, we used Pearson correlation method to assess the correlation between ASIR and ASMR. Statistical significance was considered to be P < 0.05.

Results: The highest ASIR and ASMR of LC occurred in Asia (ASIR = 11.4 and ASMR = 10.5), and Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization (ASIR = 17.4 and ASMR = 15.8), and those regions with income level equal to upper middle income (ASIR = 13.4 and ASMR = 6.6). Furthermore, the lowest ASIR and ASMR of LC occurred in in Latin America and Caribbean (ASIR = 5) and Europe (ASMR = 4.4), the South-East Asia region (ASIR = 4.5 and ASMR = 4.3), and regions with Low middle income (ASIR = 5.7) and regions with high income (ASMR = 2.7).

Conclusions: LC is one of the most important cancer forms in the world in terms of incidence and mortality. It is important to prevent exposure to known risk factors for LC by increasing the level of knowledge and attitudes of the community and prevent of morbidity and mortality of the population with early diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Keywords: Incidence; Liver Cancer; Mortality; The world; Trend.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Distribution of new LC cases worldwide in 2018.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Distribution of LC mortality worldwide in 2018.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Age standardized incidence rates of LC by sex in the worldwide in 2018.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Age standardized incidence and mortality rates of LC in the worldwide in 2018.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
Correlation of ASIR and ASMR of LC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Fitzmaurice C, Akinyemiju TF, Al Lami FH, Alam T, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Allen C, et al. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1553-68. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.2706 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.2706 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alsayyad J, Hamadeh R. Cancer incidence among the Bahraini population: a five-year (1998-2002) experience. Ann Saudi Med 2007;27:251-8. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2007.251 10.5144/0256-4947.2007.251 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Almasi Z, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Salehiniya H. Incidence, mortality, and epidemiological aspects of cancers in Iran; differences with the world data. J BUON 2016;21:994-1004. - PubMed
    1. Mahdavifar N, Ghoncheh M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Khosravi B, Salehiniya H. Epidemiology and inequality in the incidence and mortality of nasopharynx cancer in Asia. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7:360-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.11.002 10.1016/j.phrp.2016.11.002 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rafiemanesh H, Mehtarpoor M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Salehiniya H, Enayatrad M, Khazaei S. Cancer epidemiology and trends in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015;29:752-9. - PMC - PubMed