Analogy between classical Yoga/Zen breathing and modern clinical respiratory therapy

Abstract

Anesthesiologists and intensivists are modern-day professionals who provide appropriate respiratory care, vital for patient survival. Recently, anesthesiologists have increasingly focused their attention on the type of spontaneous breathing made by non-intubated patients with pulmonary disease cared for in an intensive care unit, and also patients with chronic pain receiving cognitive behavioral therapy. Prior to our modern understanding of respiratory physiology, Zen meditators recognized that breathing has a significant impact on a person's mental state and general physical well-being. Examples of this knowledge regarding respiration include the beneficial effects of deep inhalation and slow exhalation on anxiety and general wellness. The classical literature has noted many suggestions for breathing and its psycho-physical effects. In the present review, we examine the effect of classical breathing methods and find an analogy between typical Yoga/Zen breathing and modern clinical respiratory therapy. Evidence is increasing about historical breathing and related meditation techniques that may be effective in modern clinical practice, especially in the field of anesthesiology, such as in improving respiratory function and reducing chronic pain. Clarification of the detailed mechanisms involved is anticipated.

Keywords: Respiratory care; Spontaneous breathing; Zen.

Fig. 1

Pranayama image. Pranayama is the conscious awareness of breathing: the life force that both energizes and relaxes the body. The term is derived from the Sanskrit, prana, meaning "life force," and ayama, meaning "extension." Pranayama is an integral part of Yoga. Controlled breathing enables both a rhythm for performing Yoga poses and a relaxation of the mind for meditation