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Review
. 2020 Aug 12;20(16):4517.
doi: 10.3390/s20164517.

Recent Progress of Fiber-Optic Sensors for the Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure

Tiange Wu  1 , Guowei Liu  1 , Shenggui Fu  1 , Fei Xing  1
Affiliations
Review

Recent Progress of Fiber-Optic Sensors for the Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure

Tiange Wu et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

In recent years, with the development of materials science and architectural art, ensuring the safety of modern buildings is the top priority while they are developing toward higher, lighter, and more unique trends. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is currently an extremely effective and vital safeguard measure. Because of the fiber-optic sensor's (FOS) inherent distinctive advantages (such as small size, lightweight, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and corrosion, and embedding capability), a significant number of innovative sensing systems have been exploited in the civil engineering for SHM used in projects (including buildings, bridges, tunnels, etc.). The purpose of this review article is devoted to presenting a summary of the basic principles of various fiber-optic sensors, classification and principles of FOS, typical and functional fiber-optic sensors (FOSs), and the practical application status of the FOS technology in SHM of civil infrastructure.

Keywords: civil engineering; distributed fiber-optic sensor; fiber-optic sensors; optical time-domain reflectometer; structural health monitoring.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of Fabry–Perot interference cavity.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The principles and wavelength shift of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The principle of optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) based on backscattering.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Concrete hydration experiment with water versus cement ratio 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 using the thermocouple [65].
Figure 5
Figure 5
The diagram of the distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system [131].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Fiber-optic sensor (FOS) installation method for a reference surface area [139].
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Linear vs. sinusoidal alignment, bending + torsional load; (b) sinusoidal alignment, bending load with torsion vs. without torsion; (c) linear vs. extended sinusoidal alignment, bending load [139].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Configuration of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inclinometer monitoring system [147].
Figure 9
Figure 9
Deployment of structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [151].
Figure 10
Figure 10
Distribution function of stress range: (a) finite mixture probability distribution function (PDF); (b) finite mixture umulative distribution function (CDF) [151].
Figure 11
Figure 11
Arrangement of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibration sensors on Tongwamen bridge cables: (a) side view; (b) overhead view [152].
Figure 12
Figure 12
Structural schematic diagram of the designed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor [152].
Figure 13
Figure 13
Performance test of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibration sensor: (a) amplitude-frequency curve; (b) acceleration characteristics curve [152].
Figure 14
Figure 14
Suspension cable force distribution data measured by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors: (a) south side suspension cables; (b) north side suspension cables [152].
Figure 15
Figure 15
Fiber-optic-based liquid sensor setup. Note: PTFE = polytetrafluoroethylene [154].
Figure 16
Figure 16
Experimental setup for distributed measurement of temperature in optical fibers. EOM: electro-opticmodulator; PS: polarization scrambler; EDFA: erbium-doped fiber amplifier; PD: photodetector; FBG: fiber Bragg grating [159].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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