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. 2021 Jan;21(1):79-87.
doi: 10.1007/s12012-020-09598-y. Epub 2020 Aug 18.

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Estimated Using the SHSES Scale and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Hypertensive Patients

Paweł Gać  1   2 , Karolina Czerwińska  3 , Małgorzata Poręba  4 , Piotr Macek  5 , Grzegorz Mazur  5 , Rafał Poręba  5
Affiliations

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Estimated Using the SHSES Scale and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Hypertensive Patients

Paweł Gać et al. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) and epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) in hypertensive patients. A total of 96 patients with essential hypertension were recruited for this study. The group consisted of 48 females and 48 males with the mean age of 69.32 ± 9.54 years. ETS was assessed with The Secondhand Smoke Exposure Scale (SHSES). EATT was assessed in 128-slice dual source coronary computed tomography angiography. In accordance to SHSES scale patients were divided into subgroups: subgroup A-no ETS exposure (SHSES = 0 points, n = 48), subgroup B-low ETS exposure (SHSES = 1-3 points, n = 11), subgroup C-medium ETS exposure (SHSES = 4-7 points, n = 20) and subgroup D-high ETS exposure (SHSES = 8-11 points, n = 17). Within the study group the mean EATT was 5.75 ± 1.85 mm and the mean SHSES score was 3.05 ± 3.74. EATT was statistically significantly higher in subgroup D than in subgroups A and B (A: 5.28 ± 1.64 mm, B: 5.04 ± 2.64 mm, D: 7.04 ± 2.64 mm, pA-D and pB-D < 0.05). There was a positive linear correlation between the exposure to ETS expressed by the SHSES scale and EATT (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that higher SHSES score, higher BMI, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for higher EATT values. Contrary, the use of ACE inhibitors and β-blockers appeared to be independent protecting factor against higher EATT values. There is an unfavorable positive relationship between ETS exposure estimated using the SHSES scale and EATT in hypertensive patients.

Keywords: Computed tomography; Environmental tobacco smoke; Epicardial adipose tissue; Hypertension; SHSES scale.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Assessment of the epicardial adipose tissue thickness in computed tomography angiography images
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Correlation between the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke expressed by the number of points on the SHSES scale and epicardial adipose tissue thickness
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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