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. 2021 Feb;278(2):405-410.
doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06297-w. Epub 2020 Aug 20.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test (snot)-22 for Finnish patients

Anni Koskinen  1 , Sari Hammarén-Malmi  2 , Jyri Myller  3 , Marjukka Mäkelä  4 , Elina Penttilä  5 , Timo Pessi  6 , Tuomo Puhakka  7 , Antti Raappana  8   9 , Rami Taulu  10 , Sanna Toppila-Salmi  11 , Paula Virkkula #  2 , Maija Hytönen #  2
Affiliations

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test (snot)-22 for Finnish patients

Anni Koskinen et al. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) is the most commonly used disease-specific quality of life questionnaire in rhinology. The purpose of this prospective study was to translate and validate SNOT-22 into Finnish.

Methods: The validation process followed the guidelines proposed for cross-cultural adaptation of health-related measures of quality of life. The study consisted of three groups: rhinologic out-patients (N = 96), FESS patients (N = 49) and healthy controls (N = 79). Out-patient and FESS groups completed the questionnaire twice (answers A and B), out-patients after two weeks and FESS patients after 3 months. Validity, reliability and responsiveness were evaluated.

Results: The mean SNOT-22 sum score of the out-patient questionnaires were 35.3 points (answer A) and 32.4 points (answer B). ICC in out-patient group was 0.879. For the FESS patients, the mean pre- and postoperative (answer A and B) SNOT-22 sum scores were 46.8 and 21.9 points, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean SNOT-22 of healthy controls was 8.9 points. The out-patients (answer A) and healthy controls had statistically significant difference in SNOT-22 scores (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: The results of our study show that the validated Finnish version of the SNOT-22 questionnaire demonstrates good validity, reliability and responsiveness.

Keywords: HRQoL; SNOT-22; Sino-nasal outcome test; Translation; Validation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The mean SNOT-22—scores of the healthy-controls, flu/all (allergy)—group, out-patients—group and FESS—group. In the out-patient group the score is from the first questionnaire (answer A)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The mean SNOT-22—scores of the out-patients (answers A and B) whose symptom status had remained unchanged
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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