Evaluating imipenem + cilastatin + relebactam for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections

Abstract

Introduction: The addition of the β-lactamase inhibitor relebactam to imipenem restores the antibacterial activity against the majority of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are predominantly caused by Gram-negative uropathogens. The rise in antibiotic resistance, including to carbapenems, is an increasing challenge in daily practice.

Areas covered: In the current review, the use of imipenem/relebactam in complicated UTI is evaluated by discussing its chemistry, pharmacokinetics/dynamics, microbiology, safety, and clinical efficacy. The authors also provide their expert perspectives onto its use and its future place in the treatment armamentarium.

Expert opinion: With respect to complicated UTI, it should be noted that, to our knowledge, there are no data yet upon the clinical efficacy of imipenem/relebactam in patients with severe urosepsis or men with suspected prostatitis. Further studies upon these specific groups of UTI patients are needed including additional pharmacokinetic studies upon its tissue penetration of the prostate which is currently unknown. However, in our opinion, imipenem/relebactam can be used in complicated UTI when other treatment options are limited.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance; beta-lactamasse; carbapenamase; complicated urinary tract infection; imipenem-relebactam.