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. 2020 Aug 17:17:70.
doi: 10.1186/s12986-020-00493-5. eCollection 2020.

Iodine nutrition status and its association with microvascular complications in urban dwellers with type 2 diabetes

Chi Chen #  1 , Yi Chen #  1 , Hualing Zhai  1 , Fangzhen Xia  1 , Bing Han  1 , Wen Zhang  1 , Yuying Wang  1 , Heng Wan  1 , Ningjian Wang  1 , Yingli Lu  1
Affiliations

Iodine nutrition status and its association with microvascular complications in urban dwellers with type 2 diabetes

Chi Chen et al. Nutr Metab (Lond). .

Abstract

Background: The principal function of iodine acts on thyroid function, but in recent years, the role of iodine deficiency in metabolism has also been gradually revealed. We aimed to investigate the current status of iodized salt consumption and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in an urban Chinese population with type 2 diabetes, and to further explore whether UIC was associated with diabetic microvascular complications.

Methods: Four thousand five hundred fifty-nine subjects with diabetes from 7 communities in downtown Shanghai were enrolled in the cross-sectional Metal Study in 2018. UIC was detected using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) > 30 mg/g or estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was evaluated by high-quality fundus photographs and was remotely read by ophthalmologist.

Results: The median UIC of subjects with diabetes was 115.4 μg/L (78.9-170.8) in downtown Shanghai. Among all the subjects, 52.7% consumed non-iodized salt and 40.4% were iodine deficient. Iodine deficiency (UIC < 100 μg/L) was associated with an increased odds of DKD (OR 1.17; 95%CI 1.01-1.37) after adjustment for age, sex, education, current smokers, BMI, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, dyslipidemia, thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine. No association was observed between UIC and DR after multivariable adjustment.

Conclusions: A concerning number of subjects with diabetes consumed non-iodized salt and suffered from iodine deficiency in coastal regions of China. Low UIC might be a risk factor for DKD, which should be further confirmed by longitudinal prospective studies.

Keywords: Diabetic kidney disease; Epidemiology; Iodized salt; Type 2 diabetes; Urinary iodine concentration.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interestsNo potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of UICs in the study population
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of type of salt consumed in the study population
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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