Preventing the sexual transmission of AIDS during adolescence

Abstract

In order to be effective, the national effort to contain the spread of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) must include a youth focus. Knowledge of adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and sexually transmitted diseases suggests that many adolescents are in jeopardy of acquiring Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections; and they are among those most likely to benefit from preventative efforts as they explore adult roles and lifestyles. Preventative education should particularly target gay and other homosexually active young men. Effective teaching uses a variety of approaches and media, both inside and outside the classroom. Learning about AIDS is most likely to effect behavioral change when accompanied by other programs to build social supports, self-esteem, and positive identity. The ethical and rational use of HIV antibody testing may be a helpful adjunct to education for certain adolescents. Ultimately, our society's ability to address complex, associated social issues will determine our ability to control AIDS.

PIP: To be effective, the national effort in the US to contain the spread of AIDS must include a focus on youth. Knowledge of adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and sexually transmitted diseases suggests that many adolescents are in jeopardy of acquiring HIV infections. They are also among those most likely to benefit from preventative efforts as they explore adult roles and lifestyles. 145 cases of AIDS have been reported in teenagers from 13-19 years. When the adolescent age range is expanded to a range of 11-24 years, over 10 times as many cases are included. 79% of young adult cases are linked to homosexual or bisexual behavior. Antibody screening of 18-25-year-old military recruits has revealed a prevalence of positive tests that varies with age, sex, and region of residence. Preventative education should particularly target gay and other homosexually active young men. Effective teaching uses a variety of approaches and media, both inside and outside the classroom. Learning about AIDS is most likely to effect behavioral change when accompanied by other programs to build social supports, self-esteem, and positive identity. The ethical and rational use of HIV antibody testing may be a helpful adjunct to education for certain adolescents. High-quality laboratory and supportive counseling services must be available to screening programs. Ultimately, our society's ability to address complex, associated social issues will determine our ability to control AIDS.