Associations Among Perceived Parent and Peer Support, Self-Esteem, and Cancer-Related Worry in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors

Abstract

Purpose: Cancer-related worry is common among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors, and is associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes. Thus, it is crucial to identify possible modifiable covariates of cancer-related worry to aid in developing targeted interventions. This study aimed to explore the cross-sectional associations between cancer-related worry and potential covariates (i.e., perceived parental support, perceived peer support, self-esteem). Methods: One hundred fifty-two survivors between the ages of 15 and 25 who had been diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 14 and 21 completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, and a measure of cancer-related worry. Relationships among variables were assessed through structural equation modeling. Results: The model showed good fit [χ²(13) = 13.26, p = 0.43; comparative fit index = 0.997; root mean square error of approximation = 0.01 (90% confidence interval = 0.00-0.08); standardized root mean square residual = 0.04]; however, not all associations were in expected directions. Higher perceived parent and peer support were each significantly associated with lower self-esteem, which, in turn, was significantly associated with higher cancer-related worry. There was no direct association between support variables and cancer-related worry. Conclusion: These findings, which contradict existing theory about self-esteem development in healthy AYAs and prior research about the association between support and self-esteem in children and adolescents with cancer, suggest complex, and likely reciprocal, relationships among perceived support, cancer-related worry, and self-esteem in AYA cancer survivors. Support interventions involving peers with cancer and cognitive behavioral interventions targeting parent and peer relationships, self-esteem, and cancer-related worry may be beneficial in fostering AYA cancer survivors' psychosocial development.

Keywords: cancer-related worry; parent support; peer support; self-esteem.

FIG. 1.

Main model with relevant medical/demographic covariates: χ(13) = 13.26, p = 0.43; comparative fit index = 0.997; root mean square error of approximation = 0.01 (90% confidence interval = 0.00–0.08); standardized root mean square residual = 0.04. ————, statistically insignificant associations. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001. RSES, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; GSW, Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents—Global Self-Worth.