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. 2021 Jan-Mar;14(1):2-19.
doi: 10.1109/TOH.2020.3018754. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

A Survey of Mid-Air Ultrasound Haptics and Its Applications

Ismo Rakkolainen, Euan Freeman, Antti Sand, Roope Raisamo, Stephen Brewster

A Survey of Mid-Air Ultrasound Haptics and Its Applications

Ismo Rakkolainen et al. IEEE Trans Haptics. 2021 Jan-Mar.

Abstract

Ultrasound haptics is a contactless haptic technology that enables novel mid-air interactions with rich multisensory feedback. This article surveys recent advances in ultrasound haptic technology. We discuss the fundamentals of this haptic technology, how a variety of perceptible sensations are rendered, and how it is currently being used to enable novel interaction techniques. We summarize its strengths, weaknesses, and potential applications across various domains. We conclude with our perspective on key directions for this promising haptic technology.

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