Chemerin Ratios to HDL-cholesterol and Adiponectin as Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Aims: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) a global problem, which comprises a cardio-metabolic cluster of risk factors, increases the risk for type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). To date, the best laboratory-based biomarker for MetS appears to be high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Chemerin, a novel adipokine is increased in MetS and appears to contribute to both insulin resistance and inflammation. In this pilot study, we tested if the chemerin:HDL-C or chemerin:adiponectin ratios are better biomarkers for predicting MetS than hsCRP.

Patients and methods: We enrolled patients and controls with nascent MetS, uncomplicated by diabetes, ASCVD, macro-inflammation, and smoking using rigorous criteria. Fasting blood samples were obtained in order to calculate insulin resistance in the liver (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue (ADIPO-IR) and for measurement of chemerin and adiponectin levels. Statistical analyses including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate data.

Results: We observed the chemerin:HDL-C ratio is significantly increased in MetS and increases with severity of MetS (p < .001). The chemerin: adiponectin ratio was not significantly increased following adjustment for age and waist circumference. The chemerin:HDL-C ratio correlated with BMI, WC, triglycerides, plasma glucose, HDL-C, and both HOMA-IR and ADIPO-IR. ROC curve analysis showed that the chemerin:HDL-C ratio area under the curve (AUC) was greater than the AUC for hsCRP.

Conclusion: In this preliminary report, we demonstrate that the ratio of chemerin to HDL-C is a valid biomarker of MetS and appears to be a better predictor than hsCRP. These findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.

Keywords: Chemerin; HDL-cholesterol; adipokines; adiponectin; metabolic syndrome.