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Review
. 2020;13(6):673-682.
doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00847-1. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Co-variance nexus between COVID-19 mortality, humidity, and air quality index in Wuhan, China: New insights from partial and multiple wavelet coherence

Zeeshan Fareed  1 , Najaf Iqbal  2   3 , Farrukh Shahzad  4 , Syed Ghulam Meran Shah  5 , Bushra Zulfiqar  6 , Khurram Shahzad  7 , Shujahat Haider Hashmi  8 , Umar Shahzad  9
Affiliations
Review

Co-variance nexus between COVID-19 mortality, humidity, and air quality index in Wuhan, China: New insights from partial and multiple wavelet coherence

Zeeshan Fareed et al. Air Qual Atmos Health. 2020.

Abstract

The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 disease has caused immense damage to our health and economic and social life. This research article helps to determine the impact of climate on the lethality of this disease. Air quality index and average humidity are selected from the family of climate variables, to determine its impact on the daily new cases of COVID-19-related deaths in Wuhan, China. We have used wavelet analysis (wavelet transform coherence (WTC), partial (PWC), and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC), due to its advantages over traditional time series methods, to study the co-movement nexus between our selected data series. Findings suggest a notable coherence between air quality index, humidity, and mortality in Wuhan during a recent outbreak. Humidity is negatively related to the COVID-19-related deaths, and bad air quality leads to an increase in this mortality. These findings are important for policymakers to save precious human lives by better understanding the interaction of the environment with the COVID-19 disease.

Keywords: Air quality index; COVID-19 mortality; Humidity; Partial and multiple wavelet coherence; Wuhan.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Daily new COVID-19 deaths in Wuhan
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Map showing confirmed cases in Hubie, Province. COVID-19 Map on 31 March 2020
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Daily air quality index in Wuhan
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Daily hourly average humidity (%) in Wuhan
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Continuous wavelet transforms of COVID-19, HUM, and AQI
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Wavelet coherence transform of COVID-19, HUM, and AQI
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Partial and multiple wavelet coherence of COVID-19, HUM, and AQI
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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