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Review
. 2020 Aug 25;22(8):60.
doi: 10.1007/s11906-020-01044-2.

Haemodynamics of Hypertension in Children

Ye Li  1   2 , Emily Haseler  3 , Phil Chowienczyk  4   5 , Manish D Sinha  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Haemodynamics of Hypertension in Children

Ye Li et al. Curr Hypertens Rep. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: To review the haemodynamic characteristics of paediatric hypertension.

Recent findings: Pulsatile components of blood pressure are determined by left ventricular dynamics, aortic stiffness, systemic vascular resistance and wave propagation phenomena. Recent studies delineating these factors have identified haemodynamic mechanisms contributing to primary hypertension in children. Studies to date suggest a role of cardiac over activity, characterized by increased heart rate and left ventricular ejection, and increased aortic stiffness as the main haemodynamic determinants of primary hypertension in children.

Keywords: Arterial stiffness; Blood pressure; Cardiac output; Haemodynamics; Hypertension.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this manuscript.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Possible haemodynamic mechanism associated with obesity hypertension in children. Increased early left ventricular ejection and aortic flow velocity (Ao flow) together with increased aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) may cause an increase in pulse pressure (PP). Increased heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) may lead to an increase in cardiac output (CO) which together with normal or increased systemic vascular resistance leads to an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP). The increase in PWV may be primary or secondary to pressure-dependence and increased MAP (dashed line). All these mechanism could be caused by an increase in sympathetic drive but many other potential underlying causes (e.g. renal sodium retention) are possible
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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