Declaration of competing interest Benjamin Tolchin has received research funding from a US Veteran Administration's (VA) VISN1 Career Development Award, the VA Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center of Innovation, and the C.G. Swebilius Trust. He has received honoraria from Columbia University Medical Center, the International League against Epilepsy, and the American Academy of Neurology. David L. Perez has received honoraria for continuing medical education lectures in functional neurological disorder. Jerzy P. Szaflarski — In last 24 months, Dr. Szaflarski received funding from the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Shor Foundation for Epilepsy Research, Department of Defense, UCB Pharma Inc., NeuroPace Inc., Greenwich Biosciences Inc., Biogen Inc., Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Serina Therapeutics Inc., and Eisai, Inc.; has served on consulting and advisory boards for Greenwich Biosciences Inc., NeuroPace, Inc., Medical Association of the State of AL, Serina Therapeutics Inc., LivaNova Inc., UCB Pharma Inc., Lundbeck, SK LifeSciences, Alabama State Medical Cannabis Study Commission, National Coordinating Center for Epilepsy under the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)/Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), and Elite Medical Experts LLC; and on editorial boards for Epilepsy & Behavior, Journal of Epileptology (associate editor), Epilepsy & Behavior Reports (associate editor), Journal of Medical Science, Epilepsy Currents (contributing editor), and Folia Medica Copernicana. Gaston Baslet reports no competing interests. Julia Doss reports no competing interests. Jeffrey Buchhalter is a member of the American Academy of Neurology Quality Committee, and Co-chair of the Informatics Workgroup; he is Co-Principle Investigator of the Epilepsy Learning Healthcare System (funded by PCORI, EF and NAEC); serves on the leadership team of the Pediatric Epilepsy Learning Healthcare System (funded by the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Foundation) and has received consulting fees from UCB, Epilog and the Child Neurology Foundation. Barbara A. Dworetzky is on the board of directors of the American Epilepsy Society and the professional advisory board for the Epilepsy Foundation of New England. She receives philanthrophy funding from the A.J. Trustey Research Fund, royalties from Oxford University Press, consultant fees from Digitrace and Best Doctors, and is currently site PI on the parexel padesevonil trial for uncontrolled focal epilepsy.