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. 2021 Mar;13(2):187-197.
doi: 10.1177/1941738120939913. Epub 2020 Aug 26.

The Association Between Sports- or Physical Activity-Related Concussions and Suicidality Among US High School Students, 2017

Gabrielle F Miller  1 , Lara DePadilla  2 , Sherry Everett Jones  3 , Brad N Bartholow  4 , Kelly Sarmiento  1 , Matthew J Breiding  1
Affiliations

The Association Between Sports- or Physical Activity-Related Concussions and Suicidality Among US High School Students, 2017

Gabrielle F Miller et al. Sports Health. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Background: This study examined the association between sports- or physical activity-related concussions and having seriously considered attempting suicide, made a suicide plan, or attempted suicide (ie, suicidality), and tested potential moderators of the association.

Hypothesis: Risk factors such as persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, low academic grades, few hours of sleep, and current alcohol or marijuana use will increase the odds of suicidality among those who self-reported sports- or physical activity-related concussions, while protective factors such as physical activity and having played on a sports team will decrease the odds.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Level of evidence: Level 4.

Methods: This study used data from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a biennial, school-based, nationally representative survey of US students in grade levels 9 to 12 (N = 14,765). Logistic regression models examined associations between self-reported sports- or physical activity-related concussions and suicidality among the students, and whether physical activity, having played on a sports team, persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, academic grades, hours of sleep, or current alcohol or marijuana use moderated those associations.

Results: Sports- or physical activity-related concussions were found to be associated with suicidality. The associations remained significant in models that adjusted for demographic characteristics, and they did not appear to be moderated by physical activity, having played on sports team, academic grades, or sleep.

Conclusions: Given the findings of this study and others, health care providers are advised to ask students who have experienced a concussion about their emotional well-being as part of their symptom-based assessment, using validated, age- appropriate concussion symptom scales. Comprehensively assessing students who have experienced a sports- or physical activity-related concussion for persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness may alert providers to thoughts of suicidal ideation and will allow for earlier intervention.

Clinical relevance: If thoughts of suicide are discovered among adolescents with a concussion, or if other risk factors are observed, referrals to medical and mental health providers for a more comprehensive assessment may be warranted.

Keywords: moderation; suicide; traumatic brain injury.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no potential conflicts of interest in the development and publication of this article.

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