Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Nov 15:261:118336.
doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118336. Epub 2020 Aug 23.

COVID-19: Pathophysiology, treatment options, nanotechnology approaches, and research agenda to combating the SARS-CoV2 pandemic

Valamla Bhavana  1 , Pradip Thakor  1 , Shashi Bala Singh  2 , Neelesh Kumar Mehra  3
Affiliations
Review

COVID-19: Pathophysiology, treatment options, nanotechnology approaches, and research agenda to combating the SARS-CoV2 pandemic

Valamla Bhavana et al. Life Sci. .

Abstract

The recent corona virus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has claimed the lives of many around the world and highlighted an urgent need for experimental strategies to prevent, treat and eradicate the virus. COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by a novel corona virus and no approved specific treatment is available yet. A vast number of promising antiviral treatments involving nanotechnology are currently under investigation to aid in the development of COVID-19 drug delivery. The prospective treatment options integrating the ever-expanding field of nanotechnology have been compiled, with the objective to show that these can be potentially developed for COVID-19 treatment. This review summarized the current state of knowledge, research priorities regarding the pandemic and post COVID-19. We also focus on the possible nanotechnology approaches that have proven to be successful against other viruses and the research agenda to combat COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Nanotechnology; Post COVID-19; Research agenda; Therapeutics treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No conflict of interest was reported by the authors of this article.

Figures

Unlabelled Image
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Globally, as of 3:06 pm CEST, 10 August 2020, there have been 19,718,030 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 728,013 deaths, reported to WHO.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Overview of COVID-19 with special emphasis on structure, induction, immune response and complications.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mechanism of cytokine storm in COVID-19 and its potential therapy. Adapted with permission, copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Treatment options for covid-19 illustrating mechanical ventilation, monoclonal antibodies, drug treatment by WHO, plasma therapy.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Research agenda regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and it illustrates the five broad areas of research and goals to combat COVID-19.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Guarner J. Three emerging coronaviruses in two decades: the story of SARS, MERS, and now COVID-19. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2020;153:420–421. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa029. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Guo Y.R., Cao Q.D., Hong Z.S., Tan Y.Y., Chen S.D., Jin H.J., Sen Tan K., Wang D.Y., Yan Y. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak- an update on the status. Mil. Med. Res. 2020;7:1–10. doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. He F., Deng Y., Li W. Coronavirus disease 2019: what we know? J. Med. Virol. 2019;2020:0–2. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25766. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nicola M., O’Neill N., Sohrabi C., Khan M., Agha M., Agha R. Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic - review article. Int. J. Surg. 2020;77:206–216. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Clinical management of COVID-19, (n.d). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/clinical-management-of-covid-19 (accessed June 11, 2020).

Substances